'Quaid E Azam- an Architect of Pakistan\r'

'Submitted to: Sir Superman Submitted by: James shackle Degree ‘34’ mob ‘CIA’ Date: 21-03-2013 CONTENTS Chapter 1 * Background * Quaid’s early life * precept Chapter 2 * governing * membership of coition * Hindu- Moslem oneness * Devotion to Moslem compact * Leadership of Muslims Chapter 3 * Thought of break d induce Homeland * Pakistan Resolution * Gandhi-Quaid meetings * Views rough Quaid Chapter 4 * occasion Policy of Quaid Chapter 5 * For embroilion of federal storage locker * Constitutional Problems * Establish custodyt of Capital * Provincial judicature Establishment of Administrative Headquarters * orthogonal affairs * commandment Policy CONCLUSION BIBLIOGRAPHY REFERENCES 1) Syed Shamsul Hassan ed. , Correspondence of Quaid-i-Azam M. A. Jinnahand new(prenominal) bases, Shamsul Hassan collection, Organizational Matters, Vol. I (1936-1947) 2) Akbar S. Ahmed, Jinnah, Pakistan and Muslim Identity, (Karachi: Oxford University advocate, 1997) 3) Prof. Khurshid Ahmed, Islamic ideology (Karachi: Karachi university,2002). 4) Quaid’s speech at university pipe bowl Lahore, 30 october 1947 5) Syed Hussain Imam â€Å" sterling(prenominal) qualities of Quaid”. ) Ahmad caravan inn Yusufi, Speeches, statements and messages of Quaid-e-Azam. 7) Rajmohan Gandhi, Eight Lives: A muse of the Hindu-Muslim Encounter (Albany, NY: State University of New York Press, 1986) 8) Wikipedia the thaw Encyclopedia. 9) www. tribeal heritage . organization. pk 10) â€Å"Quaid-i-Azam Muhammad Ali Jinnah”. beginningities of Pakistan Website. 11) â€Å"Quaid-e-As is Mohammad Ali Jinnah”. The Jinnah Society. 12) â€Å"Jinnah: S placeh Asias superior ever leader”. 13) BBCs Poll for southmost Asias superlative ever leader. 14) â€Å"The Father of Pakistan”.The Most Influential Asians of the ampere-second by TIME. 15) â€Å"Muhammad Ali Jinnah (1876â€1948)”. Story of Pakistan. 16) â€Å"Jinnahs speech to the Constituent accumulation of Pakistan”. 11 solemn 1947. 17) â€Å"Jinnahs Thought at a Glance”. Yes Pakistan. com. 18) â€Å"Mohammed Ali Jinnah (1876â€1948)”. Harappa. com. 19) â€Å"Pictures of Quaid (Album)”. Urdu Point. 20) â€Å"South Asias Clarence Darrow”. Chow. 21) â€Å"I Re penis Jinnah”. occasional cut through (newspaper). 22) â€Å"1947 †terrific”. Chronicles Of Pakistan ACKNOWLEDGE This research paper is dedicated to al joinedly those martyres who worked the reation of a remove situation land for Muslims. They helped Quaid-e-As am in this slap-up heraldic bearing and gave sacrifices for our independence . They face legion(predicate) problems and hardships for the independence of Muslims in the subcontinent. I would same(p) to thank James Bond for assigning this topic to me. It was truly an enlightening familiarity for me to do research on this topic. I would alike like t o thank my prize teacher compact Man for guiding me and providing me with more than enough cognition on this topic.The research was mainly do organic evolution the help of computers and profits thitherfore the bibliography section may look a little empty at first-year. that once one gets to visit these internet sites he is marveled by the amount of data provided on the respective topic. So hats off to each those state who are spending their precious time to stock these enlightening websites. Without these the worth of internet would be untold less in the context of k at one timeledge. The main exclusivelyt of this research paper is to highlights the efforts of the Quaid-e-As am Muhammad Ali Jinnah in the mental institution of Pakistan.His role in the formation of Pakistan and in the initial administration of Pakistan after independence beca hire he handled tout ensemble the problems of Pakistan when there were only when few people who knew near administrative prob lems. ————————————————- INTRODUCTION Quaid-e-As am as an fashion designer of Pakistan nigh revisionist people criticize Pakistan and few regard d profess go so far as to head teacher the integrity of Quaid-e-As am in demanding a dissipate homeland for the Muslims of Hindustan.This modern disease has even library paste to those who peppy in the West just now beget Pakistani roots. It is however interesting that all these fine people studied in Pakistani schools, traveled on Pakistani passports and absorb families in that country. picture a realistic image of Pakistan in our new(a) peoples minds is the only focus they faecal matter hope to afford a to a lower placestanding of belonging to the country and the gray generation has a duty to provide a corking deal in helping ofttimes(prenominal) parents and families documentation abroad whose roots are closing curtain up fastened firmly with this land. Coming back to he topic, it is very difficult to add approximatelything new or nighthing that is non know slightly him. Yet the paradox is that the younger generation has to be reminded of his contribution to the narration of Muslims of the Subcontinent What I want to cover with you about Quaid, is not only the information from news report books, magazines and films, but overly what was told to me by my father and those who axiom the Quaid, worked for the cause of Pakistan and saw the asylum of Pakistan. Pakistan’s story is so oft linked with the life of the Quaid â€e-As am that one cannot be told without the new(prenominal).So who was this great man, who with the help of his type writer and an tender sister created the largest country for Muslims in the world in a span of few old age. In his lifespan of titled â€Å"Jinnah of Pakistan”, the the Statesn historian, Stanley Wilbert, makes the following observation th at so accurately describes the legacy of Quaid and his footprint on history: â€Å"Few individuals evidentially alter the rush of history. fewer s bowl modify the map of the world. Hardly anyone can be credited with creating a province-state. Muhammad Ali Jinnah did all three. During his lifetime, he brought the wisdom to walk in the path of honor, the courage to follow his convictions, and an abiding forgiveness for an other(a)(prenominal)s. He enriched us all by the nobleness of his spirit. ————————————————- ————————————————- CHAP # 1 Quaid’s Early life Background match to Sarojini Naidu, a famous sexual congress politician, close maven and follower of Gandhi but also author of Quaid’s first biography, Quaid’s ancestors were Hindu Rajput who converted to Islam.J innahs family belonged to the Ismailia Kahoka break up of Shia Islam. Early Education He studied at several schools at the Sind Madras a-tool-Islam in Karachi; briefly at the Goal Das Ten Primary drill in Bombay; and finally at the Christian missioner Society High School in Karachi, where, at age sixteen, he passed the matriculation exami terra firma other University of Bombay. Higher Education in England In 1892, at the age of only 16, he sailed to England to study and in 3 years, at age 19, he became the youngest Indian to be called to the bar in England.During his student years in England, Jinnah came under the influence of 19th-century British liberalism, and his development included exposure to the idea of the democratic tribe and progressive politics. But later on as an Indian intellectual and indemnity-making authority, Jinnah would take chances his commitment to the occidental ideal of the nation-state and the reality of Indian society of many religions, cultures an d ethnic groups difficult to reconcile during his later political career. In 1896 he returned to India and amazetled in Bombay. He built a House in Malabar Hill, later kn cause as Jinnah House. HeBecame a successful lawyer, gaining point fame For his consummate handling. His reputation as a skilled lawyer Prompted Indian leader Bal Gangadhar Tikal to hire him as defense counsel for his sedition trial in 1905. Quaid argued that it was not sedition for an Indian to demand imm harmony and self-government in his own country. ————————————————- ————————————————- ————————————————- ————————————————- — 212;——————————————- ————————————————- ———————————————— ————————————————- ————————————————- ————————————————- ————————————————- ————————————————- —————————————̵ 2;——- ————————————————- CHAP # 2 Introduction to Politics Membership of relation back curtly after his return to India, he joined the Indian National Congress, which was the largest political organization in India.Like close to of the Congress at the time, Jinnah did not favor limitless independence, considering British influences on education, law, culture and industry as beneficial to India. Quaid had initially avoided joining the All India Muslim conference, founded in 1906 because he regarded it as too religiously oriented. However he decided to provide leading to the Muslim minority. Hindu-Muslim Unity ; Joining Muslim group discussion His efforts to work for all Indians was so much respected that he was called; Ambassador of Hindu-Muslim Unity. Eventually, he joined the Muslim unite in 1913 and became the President at the 1916 academic term in dower now.Jinnah wa s the architect of the 1916 Luck now Pact between the Congress and the League, bringing them together on most issues regarding self-government and presenting a f apply front to the British. Jinnah broke with the Congress in 1920 when the Congress leader, Mohandas Gandhi, launched a law violating Non-Cooperation Movement against the British, which a temperamentally law abiding barrister Jinnah disapproved of. whiz Western journalist asked Quaid, why he never went to jail eyepatch all Congress leaders like Gandhi, Nehru, Patel and Baldev Singh withdraw been in many times in prison.Quaid replies: â€Å"I am a parliamentarian. Prison is for criminals”. In 1924 Quaid, officially reorganized the Muslim League and Devoted the adjoining seven years attempting to bring about Unity among various ranks of Muslims and to develop Rational formula to meat a Hindu Muslim settlement, Which he considered the pre-condition for Indian freedom. This task was very difficult and was frustr ated in the start. Balder Singh â€Å"He once remarked that every time, I put my hand in the pocket, I find forged coins, refereeing to disunity and internal fight among Muslim leaders”.Even if he was working tirelessly to unite Muslims in Hindustan, he attended several unity conferences between Congress and Muslim league. He wrote the â€Å"Delhi Muslim Proposals in 1927”, pleaded for the incorporation of the basic Muslim demands in the Nehru report, and formulated the â€Å"Fourteen Points” Furthermore, in 1927, Quaid entered negotiations with Muslim and Hindu leaders on the issue of a afterlife constitution, during the struggle against the all-British Simon Commission. The Muslim League cherished purloin electorates art object the Nehru Report favored joint electorates.Quaid in person opposed specialise electorates, but accepted the end of his party. He then drafted compromises and put forth demands that he thought would satisfy both(prenominal). Thes e became known as the 14 points of Mr. Jinnah. However, they were rejected by the Congress and other political parties. The British government called 2 Round control panel crowds in London to let Hindustani leaders to work out their differences, but talks failed. Quaid was so disillusioned by the breakdown of talks, that in 1931 he relocated to London in order to make out in the Privy Council Bar. Devotion to Muslim LeagueThat was a dark time for Muslims in India. But luckily, big(a) Muslim leaders like Allama Iqbal, the Aga caravan inn and Chaudhary Rah mat Ali do efforts to convince Quaid to return from London to India and take charge of a now-reunited Muslim League. In 1934 Quaid returned and began to re-organize the party, cosmos closely assisted by Liquate Ali caravansary, who would act as his right-hand man. In the 1937 picks to the Central Legislative Assembly, the League emerged as a competent party, capturing a significant be of seats under the Muslim electorate, b ut lost in the Muslim-majority Punjab, Sind and the North-West Frontier Province.After the election success, Quaid offered an alliance with the Congress †both bodies would face the British together, but the Congress had to share power, accept reprint electorates and the League as the compensateative of Indias Muslims. That was a test copy of Quaid was get outing to go a long way to keep an independent united Hindustan where Hindus and Muslims would be equal partners. The latter two terms were unacceptable to the Congress, which had its own national Muslim leaders and membership and adhered to One India.Even as Quaid held talks with Congress president Rajendra Prasad, Congress leaders suspected that Quaid would use his side as a lever for exaggerated demands and obstruct government, and demanded that the League merge with the Congress. The talks failed, and while Quaid stated the leniency of all legislators from provincial and central offices in 1938 as a â€Å"Day of D eliverance” from Hindu domination, some historians maintain that he remained hopeful for an agreement. But it was go clearer to Quaid and his associates that may be Congress was interested in such solution.Gandhi often say to Quaid; â€Å"Let the British leave. Afterward, we can figure out a solution. ” In one of his famous letters, Quaid asked Gandhi to be more on the nose as to how the power would be distributed. Gandhi replied; â€Å"My dear Jinnah, I cannot dish your questions because my inner light is not working”. Quaid wrote back; ”To hell with your inner light. Why do not you admit that you have no answer to what I am asking”? ————————————————- CHAP # 3 The Idea of Pakistan By the way, a wish for a separate homeland for Muslims of Hindustan was in the air for some time.In a speech to the Muslim League in 1930, Llama Irbil raised the idea of an independent state for Muslims in â€Å"Northwest India”. Chaudhary Rah mat Ali published a brochure in 1933 advocating a state called â€Å"Pakistan”. Thought of reveal Homeland Following the failure to work with the Congress, Quaid, who had embraced separate electorates and the exclusive right of the Muslim League to represent Muslims, was converted to the idea that Muslims needed a separate state to protect their rights. He came to believe that Muslims and Hindus were lucid nations, with unbridgeable differencesâ€a gather in later known as â€Å"the Two Nation Theory”.Quaid declared that a united India would lead to the marginalization of Muslims, and ending civil war between Hindus and Muslims. This change of view may have occurred through his correspondence with Allama Iqbal, who was close to him. Pakistan out get laid In the session in Lahore in 1940, the Pakistan resolution was adopted as the main purpose of the Muslim League. The resolution was rejected outright by the Congress, and criticized by many Muslim leaders like Maulana Abu Kalama Azad, Khan Abdul Gaffer Khan, Side Abdul Al unsporting and the Jamaal-e-Islamic.On 26 July 1943, Quaid was stabbed and wounded by a member of the extremist Chasers in an attempted assassination. During the mission of British minister Stafford Cripps, Jinnah demanded parity between the number of Congress and League ministers, the Leagues exclusive right to appoint Muslims and a right for Muslim-majority provinces to secede, leading to the breakdown of talks. When it became clear to both British and Congress party that Quaid and Muslim League would not budge from its demand, they make a special K front against him. Gandhi-Quaid meetingsIn 1944 Gandhi held talks fourteen times with Quaid in Bombay, about a united front†while talks failed, Gandhis overtures to Jinnah increased as a last ditch effort to avoid the partition of Hindustan. But League was becoming very representative of a ll Muslims. The Leagues influence increased in the Punjab after the oddment of Unionist leader Sikandar Hayat Khan in 1942. In the 1946 elections for the Constituent Assembly of India, the Congress won most of the select seats, while the League won a large majority of Muslim electorate seats. Interim Government portfolios were announced on 25 October 1946.Muslim Leaguers were sworn in on 26 October 1946. The League entered the interim government, but Quaid refrained from accepting office for himself. This was credited as a major victory for Quaid, as the League entered government having rejected both plans, and was allowed to appoint an equal number of ministers despite being the minority party. The coalition was unable(p) to work, resulting in a rising feeling indoors the Congress that independence of Pakistan was the only way of avoiding political chaos and possible civil war. Different views about QuaidSome revisionist historians like H M Serve and Ayesha Jalap assert that Qu aid never cute partition of India. It was actually the issuance of the Congress leaders being unwilling to share power with the Muslim League. It is asserted that Quaid only used the Pakistan demand as a method to circularize support to obtain significant political rights for Muslims. any(prenominal) the case may be, looking at the unretentive situation of Indian Muslims today and their second secern status, Pakistanis should be grateful that Quaid gave up the idea of a united India after the British departure and insisted that Muslims in Hindustan should have their own homeland.Quaid has gained the admiration of major Indian nationalist politicians like Leal Krishna Advani whose comments praising Jinnah caused uproar in his own Bharatiya Janta Party Jessant Singh likewise praised Jinnah for stand up up to the Indian National Congress and the British. Everyone from rebel baton, Gandhi, and Nehru down to ordinary persons, friend and foe all agreed that during his lifetime, he brought the wisdom to walk in the path of honor, the courage to follow his convictions, and an abiding compassion for others. He enriched us all by the nobility of his spirit.In his book â€Å"Verdict on India” (1944), Beverley Nichols, the British author and journalist has a chapter; Dialogue with a Giant. This is about his meeting with Quaid. He wrote; â€Å"Mr. Jinnah is in a position of unique strategic importance. He can transmit the battle this way or that as he chooses. His 100 million Muslims will march to the left, to the right, to the front, to the tack together at his bidding and at nobody else’s. If Gandhi goes, there is Nehru or Raj opal or Paten or a cardinal others. But if Jinnah goes, who is there? ” CHAP # 4 Jinnahs heap for Pakistan Defending Policy of QuaidIn 1937, Quaid defended his ideology of equality in his speech to the All-India Muslim League in Luck now where he stated, â€Å"Settlement can only be achieved between equals. ” He also had a rebuttal to Nehrus statement which argued that the only two parties that mattered in India were the British Raj and INC. ” Jinnah stated that the Muslim League was the third base and â€Å"equal partner” within Indian politics. Quaid gave a precise definition of the term ‘Pakistan in 1941 at Lahore in which he stated: â€Å"Some mix-up prevails in the minds of some individuals in regard to the use of the word ‘Pakistan.This word has become synonymous with the Lahore resolution owing to the fact that it is a convenient and concise method of describing it. Whilst giving an interview to American press representatives in July 1942, when asked by one of the journalists whether the Muslims were a nation or not, Quaid replied: â€Å"We are a nation with our own classifiable culture and civilization, language and literature, art and architecture, name and nomenclature, sense of values and proportion, legal laws and moral codes, usage and calend ar, history and traditions, aptitudes and ambitions, in short, we have our own distinctive outlook on life and of life.By all cannons of worldwide law we are a nation. ” A public reflect has raged in Pakistan about whether Jinnah wanted Pakistan to be a secular state or an Islamic state. His views as expressed in his policy speech on 11 August 1947 said: â€Å"I recall we should keep that in front of us as our ideal and you will find that in course of time Hindus would cease to be Hindus and Muslims would cease to be Muslims, not in the religious sense, because that is the personal trust of each individual, but in the political sense as citizens of the State”.Jinnah, 11August 1947 †presiding over the constituent assembly. Quaid wanted a secular state, but with Islamic principles. The reason is that a true Islamic state is not a theocratic state â€Å"Pakistan is not pass to be a theocratic State to be ruled by priests with a divine mission. We have many non- Muslims †Hindus, Christians, and Parses †but they are all Pakistanis. They will enjoy the same rights and privileges as any other citizens and will monkey their rightful part in the affairs of Pakistan”.Broadcast talk to the people of the United States of America on Pakistan recorded February 1948 Inaugurating the assembly on 11 August 1947, Quaid spoke of an inclusive and pluralist democracy vivid equal rights for all citizens regardless of religion, caste or creed. This address is a cause of much debate in Pakistan as, on its basis, many claim that Jinnah wanted a secular state while supporters of Islamic Pakistan assert that this speech is being taken out of context when compared to other speeches by him.On 11 October 1947, in an address to Civil, Naval, Military and Air lastingness Officers of Pakistan Government, Karachi, he said: â€Å"We should have a State in which we could live and breathe as free men and which we could develop according to our own light s and culture and where principles of Islamic social evaluator could find free play”. On 21 February 1948, in an address to the officers and men of the 5th Heavy and 6thLight Regiments in Mali, Karachi, he said: â€Å"You have to stand guard over the development and maintenance of Islamic democracy, Islamic social justice and the equality of manhood in your own autochthonal soil.With faith, discipline and selfless devotion to duty, there is aught worthwhile that you cannot achieve”. CHAP # 5 Quaid-e-As am as a regulator General On 14th August 1947, Quaid-e-As am Mohammad Ali Jinnah became the 1st Governor General. He remained Governor General for thirteen months. During this period, he solved many important national issues. Some of them are hinted as under: Formation of Federal storage locker As soon as the Quaid-e-As am took an immediate action and nominated members of the Federal Cabinet to run the Government affairs smoothly. Liquate Ali Khan was elected as the P rime Minister.Other members of the console were also nominated. This first cabinet of Pakistan took oath on 15th August 1947. Members of the Cabinet 1. Vardar Abdul Rib Nester (Transports) 2. Raja Ghazanfer Ali Khan (Agriculture) 3. Fazal-ur-Rehman (Education) 4. I. I Chundrigar (Industry) 5. Glulam Mohammad (Finance) 6. Jogander Nath Mandala (Law) 7. Sir Afar Ulla Khan Adjani (Affair) Constitutional Problems The act as of 1935 was amended and enforced in the country as there was no constitution available of the impertinently born state. Thus this great achievement was done under the administrative leadership of the Quaid-e-As am.Establishment of Capital Karachi was made Capital of Pakistan. Provincial Government Quaid-e-As an elected political boss Minister and Governor. Here are chief ministers of provinces: Khan Iftikhar Husain Midmost †Punjab Khuwaja Nazam-ud-Dn †East Bengal Khan Abdul Qayyum †N. W. F. P Mohammad AyeChurro †Sind Chief Commissioner (Britis h) †Baluchistan Administrative Head Quarters For the administrative reformation, a committee was set up and Chaudhary Mohammad Aye was made the Secretary General. Civil operate were re-organized and Civil Services Academy was constituted. The Secretariat was established.Moreover, Head-quarters for Army, Navy and Air Force were set up. An ammunition factory was also set up. Attention to Foreign Affairs Realizing the sensitivity of strange affairs, Quaid-e-As am paid his utmost heed to the Foreign Policy. He developed healthy relations with the adjoining and developed countries that were the main objective of the Foreign Policy. Membership of UNO After independence, Quaid-e-As am paid immediate attention for acquiring membership of the United Nations Organization (UNO). On 30th September 1947, Pakistan became the member of the UNO. This all, was done under the dynamic leadership of Quaid-e-As am.Implementation of Education Policy Education plays an important role in the devel opment of a country. It improves living standard of a nation and development. Education sector also needed attention at the time of independence. For this purpose, he held the first Educational Conference in 1947. He wished that every citizen of Pakistan should serve his nation with honesty and national spirit. He made nation with honesty and national spirit. He made accomplishment of scientific and technological education compulsory for the students. Quaid-e-As am did a lot to improve education policy of the country. In the Service of PakistanQuaid-e-As am served his country till his death. Despite his bad health, he kept on going through the important files. He succumbed to destructive disease of consumption. origin Cabinet of Pakistan First cabinet of Pakistan was also elected by Quaid-e-As am. He took of it. Liquate Ali Khan was first Prime Minister of Pakistan. CONCLUSION In the conclusion I would like to say that Quaid was great leader and a true Muslim and he was a real ar chitect of Pakistan. He was great leader and he proved it by the creation of Pakistan and he is guiding star for the generation to come and he is role model for generation to come.Limitations First of all I am thankful to Allah churchman who enabled me to make this assignment. It is wisely said that one feels no pains after he has been successful in doing a work. But I would like to mention some as they are asked. I live in hired hostel where internet is not available. Therefore, I faced many difficulties in host data. Moreover, I do not have my own computer so I had to work on my roommate’s computer or on the lab computer. I had much burden of studies of other subjects. So, I could not give as much concentration to this assignment.I am very firstly living in hostel therefore I have time management problems. I also do not possess very vast normal knowledge. Bibliography * Syed Shamsul Hassan ed. , Correspondence of Quaid-i-Azam M. A. Jinnahand other papers, Shamsul Hassan collection, Organizational Matters, Vol. I (1936-1947) * Akbar S. Ahmed, Jinnah, Pakistan and Islamic Identity, (Karachi: Oxford University press, 1997) * Ahmad Khan Yusufi, Speeches, statements and messages of Quaid-e-Azam. * BBCs Poll for South Asias greatest ever leader. * â€Å"1947 †August”. Chronicles Of Pakistan. * â€Å"I Remember Jinnah”. Daily Dawn (newspaper). â€Å"Jinnahs speech to the Constituent Assembly of Pakistan”. 11 August 1947. * â€Å"Jinnahs Thought at a Glance”. Yes Pakistan. com. * â€Å"Jinnah: South Asias greatest ever leader”. * â€Å"Muhammad Ali Jinnah (1876â€1948)”. Story of Pakistan. * â€Å"Mohammed Ali Jinnah (1876â€1948)”. Harappa. com. * Prof. Khurshid Ahmed, Islamic Ideology (Karachi: Karachi university,2002). * â€Å"Pictures of Quaid (Album)”. Urdu Point. * Quaid’s speech at university stadium Lahore, 30 october 1947. * â€Å"Quaid-i-Azam Muhammad Ali Jinnah”. Gove rnment of Pakistan Website. * â€Å"Quaid-e-As is Mohammad Ali Jinnah”. The Jinnah Society. Rajmohan Gandhi, Eight Lives: A Study of the Hindu-Muslim Encounter (Albany, NY: State University of New York Press, 1986). * Syed Hussain Imam â€Å"Sterling qualities of Quaid”. * â€Å"South Asias Clarence Darrow”. Chow. * â€Å"The Father of Pakistan”. The Most Influential Asians of the atomic number 6 by TIME. * Wikipedia the free Encyclopedia. * www. national heritage . government. pk ————————————————- ————————————————- THE give notice… ————————————————- ————————————————- &# 8212;———————————————-\r\n'