Basic Business Concepts

Business It is the moment of manufacturing, producing or buying and selling of goods and services whose aim is to make profit. A product may be defined as the output which could be in terms of services or goods inside the normal byplay transaction.Generally, the fundamental goal of line of products if to make profit through optimisation of its costs and revenue. However, course organizations argon the entities that are ideally driven by the profit motive. Non profit making organizations does not aim atmaking profit. 2. Every business activity involves various participants/stakeholders.They include producers/manufactures, distributors, consumers and legal entities (John, 2006). Producers/manufacturers make the goods and services for custom in the business process. Consumers are involved in using the products that are manufactured and produced in business processes. Distributors create channels of goods and service transfers from the manufactures to the consumers. intelligent en tities/government creates the legal layout of conduct amidst the other three participants. canvas business in the todays American society is ideally an important aspect that provides information on the aspects that ensure strong business functionality.It provides the most rational knowledge that would help to succeed in any business process. However, business process is affected by various aspects such(prenominal) as international forces of film and supply, income of the consumers, government regulation, availability of raw material, and stinting systems (John, 2006). 3. scotchs is the study of fundamentals of incorporating the scarce resources in processes that yield the highest usefulness to the community. There are various economic systems which include Traditional parsimony is that characterized by techniques and models based on social ensnareations.It involves resource inheritance and brings a passive sense of togetherness and community. It has low technology and no co mpetition. Command rescue is that which is controlled and planned by the central government. It is shaped by the will of the government. The subject matter of economic production are owed by the people. It can be found in Vietnam. Market delivery is controlled by forces of demand and supply. Government seldom fixes the prices. Private corporations govern the control of distribution and exchange. grammatical case is United Kingdom.Mixed frugality compliments twain mart and command economy. There are both the hands of government and corporations. It is governed by high freedom in its activities. An exemplification is in US (John, 2006). 4. Supply is the total amount of goods and services offered in the market by the produces. Demand id the total touchstone of goods and services ask for consumption in the market. charge is the single cost paid for a unit of goods or services. Competition refers to the interactive process between suppliers and consumers at heart the market to yield an equilibrium quantity and price.In America, the competitive nature of the market ensures the interaction between the quantities of goods and services supplied and demanded to produce an equilibrium price and quantity for the supplies and demands levels (John, 2006). 5. There are four types of competitions. Perfect competition is where we have umteen suppliers and consumers who interact cohesively with one another to yield an equilibrium quantity and price. Example is the hotel industry. Monopoly competition is where there is one supplier against many consumers. He/she controls the determine of the goods and services.Example is the development in new communication technology. Duopoly competition is the competition between two suppliers. It may include the development in mobile knell technology between two manufactures. Oligopoly competition is where there are some sellers and many buyers. It may include the market of electronics. 6. The government uses various attributes to mensuration the state of economic development. They include Inflation This is the subsequent increase in the price of commodities. GDP It is the sum total of all goods and services produced within a country within one year.Unemployment It is the relationship between the men that is willing and also able to work and is in the process of conclusion a job compared to the number that is absorbed in the employment industry. Consumer Price Index This is relative changes in the prices of consumer goods within the economy. The rate of unemployment is relative to the level of GDP. Higher unemployment implies lower GDP. This is because, there are low levels of income earned by the household and consequently law levels of aggregate demand within the economy. Economic fluctuations are usually desirable in the economic functionality theory.This is ideally because such fluctuations are detrimental in clearing the various markets within the economy. The federal government in America perfor ms the role of ensuring both strong fiscal and monetary policies which ensure a strong economy (John, 2006). 7. Service economy is the economy endowed with product output that is governed by services preferably than goods. In America, service economy refers to the economic domains implied by the supply and demand of services as product outputs. Reference John Robert (2006) Economic guess An Introduction. New York, Prentice Hall

The Mass Media Should Be Highly Responsible

ELTU 1001 Presentation Outline Name Chan Yu Yan,Fiona SID 1155032656 I. Topic The mass media should be highly responsible to the worry of childhood corpulency in Hong Kong II. demonstration ?Opener Ask question whats childhood corpulency in your mindset? ? Background To provide statistics round the % of population of having childhood fleshiness in Hong Kong (To show the seriousness of the problem) ? Purpose/Objective To persuade the giving medication and the public to agree that the mass media is the key determinant that leads to childhood obesity through the means of telly especially. Stance The mass media is the virtually powerful stakeholder in affecting the severity of the problem when compared to familys influence and ancient quill education in Hong Kong. ?Preview To compare the effectiveness of the mass media and the essential schools in solving the problem. III. Body 1. The coverage of the receiver ?The public v. s. primary students -Advertisements are publis hed through the mass media, such as television and radio, the recipients of the advestisements are the general public ? Parents are informed ? teach their children about the correct value -Primary school policies (e. g.PE lessons) only influence the primary students, who whitethorn not be able to understand the purpose of these policies? not disadvantageously followed 2. Academic studies showing the influences of the mass media on affecting the lifestyle of the grave children. ? A number of studies have confirmed that obesity is directly related to the number of hours spent watching television (Dietz and Gortmaker, 1985, 1993 Gortmaker et al. 1990). ?Attractive commercials advertising fare and drink(Bar-Or et al. , 1998 James, 2002) that promote foods that are not recommended for the optimal development of health and fitness of children(Parizkova and Hills, A.P. , 2005) ? IV. Conclusion Summary / Concluding statement The mass media is one of the most important channel in affect ing the childhood obesity problem in Hong Kong. V. References Books, Websites, etc. 1. Parizkova &038 Hills, A. P. (2005). Childhood Obesity Prevention and Treatment. Florida CRC Press. 2. Non-communicable Diseases Aware,3(9). (2006). Retrieved November 10, 2012 from Centre for health Promotion, Department of Health Web site http//www. chp. gov. hk/files/pdf/grp-NCDAware-en-20060915. pdf 3. Bagchi, D. (2011).Global perspectives on childhood obesity current status, consequences and prevention. Boston Academic Press/Elsevier. 4. Hui, S. C. (2007). CUHK Sports Science and Physical direction Department Releases Survey Results on Childhood Obesity in Hong Kong. Retrieved November 10, 2012 from The Chinese University of Hong Kong, The Sports Science and Physical Education Department Web site http//www. cuhk. edu. hk/ cardiac resuscitation/pressrelease/070525e. htm 5. Kulkarni, A. (2010). Mass Media Influence. Retrieved November 22, 2012 from http//www. buzzle. com/articles/mass-media- influence. html

Effectiveness of Advertising Essay

DEFINITION advert is the non personal converse of in changeation usu anyy paid for and usually ingratiatory in nature about yields, services or ideas by determine sponsors through the various(a) media.MEANINGAdvertising is a form of communication for selling and employ to encourage or persuade an audience (viewers, readers or listeners nearly ages a specific group) to continue or take some new action. Advertising messages argon usually paid for by sponsors and viewed via various traditional including mass media much(prenominal) as newspaper, magazines, television, radio, outdoor advertize or direct mail or new media such(prenominal) as blogs, websites or text messages.CONCEPTThe word publicize is derived from the Latin word, adverto ad centre towards and verto means to turn. Literally it means turning peoples prudence to a particular or specific thing. Advertisements atomic number 18 some clocks verbalise of as the nervous dust of the business reality. As nervous s ystem is very important in human body so it is vital in business world. Advertising is multidimensional. It send away be viewed as a form of communication, as a comp atomic number 53nt of an economic system, and as a means of financing the mass media Different kinds of businesses use publicise to travel different kinds of markets toward different kinds of responsesADVERTISING EFFECTIVENESSThe main actors related to the dominance in the advertize activities are consumer, advertise, product/service, medium, and environment. The advertisement potentiality weed be studied from the different manifestations of these actors. * Consumers are audience of the advertisement and authority purchasers of the product or service. Many models of consumer behaviour piddle been developed to time the advertising strength. For ex group Ale, in the attitude model in the effects of advertising on consumers can be described as a chronological sequence of stages or steps that begins with an awareness of the existence of what is being advertised, through the association on what the product or service has to tour, favourable attitudes, preference everywhere all other possibilities, and the conviction that the purchase would be wise, and finally culminates in the actual purchase of the product or service.* Advertisement in a traditional sense can influence the consumer behaviour. In new media advertising on the Internet, the advertisement can be influenced by the consumer behaviour as tumefy to manifest the effectiveness. For example, click through rates of banner advertising on the web can be used to measure its effectiveness. * harvest-tide/service represents the motivation of the advertising.Advertising is often used to try to growth gross sales of a product or the use of a service, to better the firms corporate image to persuade people that the lodge is benevolent and trus 2rthy, or to change peoples behaviour such as anti-smoking. So the advertising effective ness can be alike measured through the achievements of the motivation, such as the pro cash in ones chips and the brand value. * specialty is the carrier of the advertising message. The principal media may be classified as newspapers, magazines, radio, TV, direct mail, Internet, outdoor and so on. The first criterion for effectiveness is that fitting numbers of the target audience should get to see or key out the advertisement, which is or soly decided by the nature of the medium.1.2 PURPOSE OF THE STUDY au leadsy HOME APPLIANCES wanted to hit the sack the effectiveness of their advertisement on their customers in order to improvise their advertising strategies.1.3 PROBLEM DEFINITIONTo reckon the effectiveness of advertisement of autopsye home appliances1.4 OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY* To find the advertising effectiveness of premier home appliances * To evaluate the influence make by the advertisement on the customers purchase decision. * To find whether the advertisement has reached the customers. * To find which media impact made a huge impact.* To know whether advertisement creates brand identity among customers. * To know whether advertising creates awareness and belief about the product to customers.1.5 HYPOTHESISInspite of having an awful advertisement they found it to be not convincing.1.6 INDUSTRY PROFILE theater Appliances are that without which a modern home is considered incomplete, especially in urban areas. We turn in become so used to some of the home appliances that it seems awkward to live without them. Indeed, they get down made our life more comfortable and easier than ever. In metro cities and big towns, such sign appliances are regarded as a boon, as they are instrumental in cutting down the time involved in near(prenominal) of the domestic chores. This is really a colossal help since people often find it difficult to keep a balance between professional obligation and household needs.HOMEAPPLIANCES PRODUCTS Products such as micro-cook ovens, juicer- mixer- grinder, fully automatic washing machines, and frost- free refrigerators are the most popular category of home appliances. This is because they have made the work of housewives little tiresome and more enjoying. Most of the domestic appliances are useful in various kitchen related jobs and hence are termed as kitchen appliances. Gas stoves, toasters, microwave ovens, mixer & grinders, juicers & blenders, rotti makers, refrigerators, water purifiers are some of the most common kitchen appliances in India. Besides, there is a category of electronic products that have become an integral part of modern houses. These are air conditioners, fans, board coolers, room heaters, geysers, electrical irons and so forthHOMEAPPLIANCES COMPANIES IN INDIA There are many internal Appliance companies in India like premier, pigieon, butterfly etc. Apart from them there are various international companies likewise that flock in domestic appliances. Some of th ese home appliances compensaters are Samsung, LG, IFB, Whirlpool, and Kenmore etc. With the arriver of international brands in Indian market, the competition among rival companies has become stiff. Since, a majority of products are electrically operated the focus is on such household appliances that are efficient in power consumption.HOME APPLIANCES STORESMost of the star(p) home appliances manufacturers and companies have dumbfound up their exclusive retail outlets in important towns and cities of the country. Besides, there are local home appliances suppliers, manufacturers, wholesalers and retailers spread throughout India. Apart from that Home Appliances stores and shops are located in every locality, which let you compare products of different companies before debaseing and also let you buy all kinds of home appliance products at one place. Some manufacturers also offer after sale service, and if needed, repair the damaged parts of your electronic products. So here you wil l find the sites of some of the leading Home Appliances manufacturers and suppliers1.7 COMPANY PROFILESivanesan CEO- Sivanesan Group of CompaniesSivanesan group of companies believes in bringing fictional character products to everyplace customers, right from its inception. No wonder, we have internalized high standards of quality in over business functions. The results are there for everyone to see in the form of remarkable levels of customer satisfaction and business trusdeucerthiness. Quality isnt something that can be argued in a brochure or promised to a client. It must be there in your product. If it isnt there, the finest sales ripple in the world can not act as a substitute. At Sivanesan group of companies we have always believed in quality of our products, of our workforce, of our processes, of our vigilance and in every aspect of our business consanguinity. Quality, at Sivanesan group of companies, is never an accident it is always a result of high intentions, sin t ake effort, intelligent direction and skillful execution. The Sivanesan group is one of Indias largest and most respected business conglomerates in the home appliances sector. autopsy the group well established brand founded in 1974 by Sivanesan, CEO of Sivanesan group of companies, since wherefore the group has mentioned firm and impressive escalation. Today the group successfully manages as many as seven full-fledged manufacturing units above and beyond marketing and export divisions. The premier range of products is crowning almost the entire requirements of a modern kitchen. This can be seeing by the actually that we manufacture over 32 products under the premier brand tree. The most important being the vast reservoir of well trained, highly energized team of over 400 professionals and technicians. In addition to this premiers R&D efforts persistently improve manufacturing methods to enhance the premium placed on its products. Moreover, they have invested valuable time and resource to bring their manufacturing practices in report with the most excellent in the world. This includes the installation of the most up-to-date machineries and processes.Premier hale cookers come to your after years of search and development and offer the healthiest mode of cooking by conserving vital nutrients, vitamins and energy. Premiers four-fold facility system, built in to every one of its cookers, ensures increased guard duty and reliability in the long run. The aesthetic appeal of the streamlined exteriors and greatest overall excogitate help conservation of precious energy and time through quick, even heating. Underwriters laboratories inc (UL) is an independent not for profit organization, which in its 107-years-old memorial has dedicated itself to the cause of safety and quality service. UL is headquartered in the USA and has a network, which spans 89 countries across the globe offering manufactures, the world over limitless access to the most lucrative ma rkets. As per available estimate rough 16 billion marks appeared from amongst 18,000 products in 1999 alone. UL attestation symbolizes a lading to continually offer safer products to customers the world over.Premier cooker has now been accorded this prestigious certification for safety excellence on its cooker. A momentous occasion for the premier group and recognition for the safety standards it has been following for over three decades since its inception. The premier range of products covers almost the entire requirement of modern kitchen. With emphasis on quality, safety and product innovation, premier has been able to win the hearts of the Indian housewives and be reckoned as a leader in the kitchenware market. Today, premier manufactures over 32 products in 97 variations. Premier products are also exported to markets in Europe, west Asia, south east Asia, America, Australia, and Africa. Underwriters laboratories (UL) of USA and bureau of Indian standards (ISI) has prove pr emiers automatic rice cookers and compact cookers.Premiers attractive pressure cooker range include a wide verity of material and design options including Aluminum, HARD-ANODIZED, SS copper-bottom and SS sandwich bottom with unmatched durability, performance and style, the premier pressure cooker is quite truly the heart of any modern kitchen. Presented below are the different versions and models of the premiers automatic rice cooker.Among other top selling range from premier are stainless steel copper bottom pressure cooker, mixi, multi-steamer, regular cookware and the LPG stove and many more. wholly that they are giving is to make cooking the comfortable, safe and economical for the housewives. this instant to find out the ultimate safety symbol in kitchenware, face up out for premiers pressure cooker. In short, premier one of the premier brands in kitchen appliances, brings to its consumers cooking solutions that are not only considered sulphurous. When it comes to standard s related to product safety, there is the trust of lakes of premiers customers world over they have and the (UL) certification1.8LIMITATIONS OF THE STUDY* Time constraint was the biggest limitation. The plan had to be completed within 2 months and hence the try out size had to be lesser.* One problem that every hearinger faces is the willingness of the customers in filling up the questionnaire.* Validity of selective information obtained from the respondents was a major drawback.1.9 SCOPE OF THE STUDYThis study is expected to identify whether it has reached the target audience and thus, can find the spreadhead that is to be improvised.CHAPTER-IIREVIEW OF LITERATUREAccording to Weilbacher (1984), this ability to jumble all of what one knows about a product or a social club together with selected elements from ones life experience is the essence of creativeness in Advertising. The degree or level of Advertising Creativity is emphatically related to the Advertising Effectivene ss. To assess the effectiveness of advertisements, there have been two streams of research (Jeong, 2004). One stream of research focuses on the psychological aspects of advertising impact and the other focuses on the sales and market response aspects of advertising effects. Neslin(2002) found that other variables like sales promotion can have a significant influence on the advertising and sales relationship and consider such variables responsible for inconsistent results in previous studies on the effectiveness of advertisements.The expressional survey of advertising effectiveness provides insight into the antecedents of consumer port like attitude, recall and brand choice. It, therefore, supersedes in importance than the market and sales response method of advertising this is also more important as it is more consistent with the marketing concept which focuses on the final consumer as a fundamental business philosophy (Ang,Lee & Leong, 2007). Consistent with such views, Lucas and Britt (1963 cited in Kocabiyikolu, 2004) stated quite earlier that the basic determination of advertising is to provide information about the actual receivers of advertisements that are instrumental in the selection of appropriate advertising strategies.This ultimately improves the effectiveness of advertisement and hence will positively affect the market result. The behavioral perspective of advertising effectiveness concerns how people perceive, process, respond to, and use advertising information in making purchase decision about certain product or service (Jeong, 2004). Similarly, attitude as another measure of advertising effectiveness is important because it is related to how consumers evaluate the advertised products.A pie-eyed positive attitude towards a product means that the person may buy the brand in future (Wells etal., 2003). As Mitchell and Olson (1981) state that as attitudes are relatively stable and enduring predispositions to behave, they should be useful p redictors of consumers behavior towards a product or service. Gresham and Shimp (1985) consider attitude as an examine to influence consumers choice. Advertising recall is a memorability test that determines how viewers recommend something specific about the advertisement and the brand (Wells et al., 2003). Recall can be aided as well as unaided (Till & Baack, 2005).CHAPTER-III inquiry METHODOLOGYResearch is a systematic method of finding solutions to problems. It is essentially an investigation, a recording and an analysis of evidence for the purpose of gaining knowledge. According to Clifford woody, research comprises of defining and redefining problem, formulating hypothesis or suggested solutions, collecting, organizing and evaluating selective information, reaching conclusions, testing conclusions to determine whether they fit the formulated hypothesis In other words, research methodology is manifestly the plan of action for a research which explains in detail how selec tive information is to be collected, analyzed and interpretedRESEARCH DESIGNThe study is descriptive in nature. Data were collected through questionnaire and processed. Analyzing use various statistical tools like tabulation percentage and relationship chart.TOOLS USEDTo analyses and to arrive at a conclusion as to how the professional view has changed the environment fit statistical techniques are to be employed. The research has been done by using following tools.Percentage, Tabulation, Pie chart, Bar chartNo. of respondentsPercentage = - x cytosineSample sizePERIOD OF SURVEYThe duration of the study has been for the two months.SAMPLE SIZE For these study 60 consumers where taken as the sample size to collect the detailed dataDATA COLLECTION TECHNIQUES1.Primary data2.Secondary dataThe techniques that was used by the researcher for collecting primary data was the questionnaire method. The researcher has used the structure form of the questionnaire with the close us open-end que stion. The researcher has collected primary data from the respondents and secondary data from post research. look to face method secondary data was also adopted to have additional information.QUESTIONNAIREQuestionnaire is a special practice to prepare a scroll of questions or a questionnaire for interviewing a person. As such, the set of questions prepared are of two types A set of questions prepared by the interviewer and is asked by the interviewer during an interview is the first kind. It is a set of questions administered by the interviwer in interview. A set of questions prepared by the interviewer and is given to the person being interviewed and filled in by the interviwee the person giving interview. In either case, data can be gathered and accordingly analyzed. The two are being used in geography, especially in field work research. There is a kind as well. Some researchers have prepared such schedules of questions of questionnaires , evaluated them and then standardized t hem as well.

Islam, Apostasy and Missions Essay

Sharkeys pudding stone and Muslim Conversion Historical Reflections on Christian commissionings in Egypt, Kiesers Mission as A Factor of Change in Turkey (Nineteenth to original half of Twentieth Century) and Erhans footstools Official locating Toward American Missionaries and a chapter from timothy Marrs work The Cultural root of American Muslimism, are scholarly enterprises that runs a comprehensive details round nearly diachronic phenomenon pertaining to Christian Missionaries, Muslim world and American History. on the self-coloured these articles refer to missionaries activities in the different geographical region within Islamic world moreover all these indicate similarities in their fond and political orientations, their patterns and procedures and their successes and failures. All the authors ready tried to present different aspects of missionary activities in the Islamic world with different approaches of historiography. still mostly all of them have illustrated the Missions movements in the Western hemisphere of the Islamic world.Egypt and pull empire during the nineteenth century and early 20th century with a brief references to different parts of Islamic world (Mostly Sharkey has provided succinct comparisons with Iran, Pakistan and Indonesia and so on ) hither and thither. Their methodology to explore the historical realities, to analyze the issue and to provide judgments remains different. For example, Sharkey like a distinguished historian approaches the question with professional integrity and objectivity and restrains himself from providing sweeping conclusions about the alone scenario that he has analyse intensively and extensively.He only provides the verified and verifiable arguments in bridge over of his thesis and tries to coverall the aspects of evolution of phenomenon of Mission action at law, their triumphs and failures and applies these historical judgments to the contemporary situation and control tenet of Clash of Civilization. Whereas Hans-Lucas Kieser arguments lucidly without relying much on primary and lowly sources but sometimes he adopts an authoritative stance over some issue without providing any substantial proof.Although Erhan also mulls over the phenomenon of missionary activity in the Ottoman Empire but he has aimed a particular issue of Ottomans official attitudes toward theses evangelistic missions. Other generator like Sharkey and Kieser touch some aspects of Ottomans approach and policies toward these missionaries but Erhan discusses these exhaustively along with the diplomatic relations between Ottoman Empire and United States of America in the early 18th century and how these relations affected the American missionaries status in the geographical domain of Ottoman empire.Timothy Marr postulates his theory first and then draws on far-fetched intellectual arguments to harbor his thesis. He collects all the historical evidences that can support his thesis and localise them in a way so that they seem converging on a single point i. e. to draw parallels between major tenets of abolitionist spirit with romantic perception of Islamic world. He takes into account the whole Antebellum period.The ultimate purposes of all the articles seem to develop an understanding of the patterns and processes of evangelical missionaries work in the Muslim world and its implications in the contemporary scenario (except Timothy Marr that analyzes the effect of Ismaicism on antislavery movement in America). Sharkeys work is of large importance in this regard as its intention is to trace scratch off the roots of Missionary activity in the Anglo-American imperialism and to locate the causes of the origin of post-compound drive of considering these missionaries as neo-crusaders and proponents of anti-Islamic neo-imperialism by the Muslim masses.Kiesers article seems to create a justification based on historical facts and figures that Missionaries in the Ottoman empire s were actors of social and mental change. He tries to subvert the popular Muslim judgement that Christian missionaries were carters of anti-Muslim agenda. Erhans Ottoman Official Attitudes Toward American Missionaries give the design of a complete intellectual exercise to advance some historical findings.All the writers have specified a special period of Evangelical missionary activities in a particular geographical location. Sharkey takes into account the Missionary activities in Egypt but does not bind himself to chronological limits. He covers the colonial and post-colonial eras but pays special attention to the imperialistic moves of Anglo-American nations and their correlation with the missionary activities of the Anglo-American Churches.Kieser consider the activities of ABCFM in the Ottoman Empire especially the Armenian and Assyrian provinces in the 19th century and first half of 20th century. Sharkey, Kieser and Erhan adopts the equivalent argumentative suck about the g radual evolution of missionary activity and acknowledged unfeignedly explained the phenomenon of Missionaries premature activities to convert Muslim to the Christianity, their realization of the impossibility of the efforts and diversion to other socio-religious groups and minorities in the same geographical area.Sharkey says that although Ottomans political moves of liberalism and allowance account under the Anglo American imperial influence has facilitated the missionary activities but socio-cultural compulsions remained at that place that hindered the way of missionaries and kept them away from an agenda of renascence. So conversion of bulk Muslims was a fruitless effort. So zealous missionaries turned their attention to the Orthodox Christians of the area i. e. to convert native orthodox Coptic Christians to Protestants.Kieser has analyzed the same pattern of diversion among the missionaries of ABCFM (American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions) in Ottoman Empire. H e illustrates that The first Missionaries of ABCFM learnt early on the impossibility of evangelizing the members of Ottoman ummetTheir resistance to conversion was partly due the strong legal an social sanctions against conversions, but not only to that. Like the Jews, for deep historical and psychological reasons, the Muslims remained on the whole impermeable to the enthusiastic approach of the Protestants. (Kieser, p. 392-393)He further asserts that therefore the ABCFM heavy its work on the Assyrians, Armenians and Greek minorities and kept in contact with Muslim marginals. (p. 393) Erhan takes a different stance and says that the initials efforts of the American missionary were directed toward Jews brio at Palestine (p. 316) but soon realized that Jew were tight-knit religious community and thus largely immune to Christian evangelical activities ( Erhan, p. 315) But he further illustrates that Christian missionaries were diverted to their fellow Christian with eastern versio n of Christianity.All these writers have assessed the situation precisely as Quranic injunctions and sharias rulings that consider Islam as the final version of divine religions that traverse the teachings and tenets of Christianity and Judaism. These Islamic doctrines further hold that Murtid i. e. convert, has no place in Islamic society. These injunctions are psychologically and emotionally absorbed in the Muslims minds so the ultimate result of apostasy was social outcast and in some cases demise penalty.

Samson and delillah

The following case study is an exploration of the Australian bring copper and Delilah which features the impact that the volatile summation horror VSA of gas pedal sniffing has on one of the characters in the film, shit. I switch chosen him to be the basis for my client and case-study and ordain begin by giving a description of the character, his family life and the social context to start this case-study. I will then provide an assessment and case formulation as salubrious as bruisers psychosocial needs and his volatile middle debase of gaseous state sniffing.The substance abuse counselling model hat I would draw on is explained, as s good up as the usefulness for fuzz in the smudge that he is in. I have explained the way in which I would litigate with copper and overly analysed research that is relevant to craps dependence on sniffing gaseous state and discussed whatever likely bycomes. In cogitate this case-study I have listed either challenges that I ho rse ch adenineion he would face and identified some(prenominal) good retorts that may arise. Background Information Samson is a 14 form old innate Australian male who lives in a irrelevant Aboriginal Community in the central Australian desert.Samson lives with his r other(a)s who hang out in their run down shack, playing music from the moment that they rouse up until the moment that they go to sleep. When Samson wakes up in the dawn the first thing that he reaches for is his weedister of gun and starts sniffing the fumes that change him to get luxuriously. Samson doesnt go to school or have any direction in life, he seems to be very bored and spends his divisions hanging around the community, doing nothing but getting high on gasoline fumes.Samson runs away from the community with his girlfriend Delilah after(prenominal) Samson has a violent fight with his rother and Delilah is attacked by the older women after her beloved grandmother dies. They go to the city where they camp out under(a) a bridge, they have no money and in order to eat, and have to rely on a homeless man that they meet to turn over them or steal food from the local supermarket. Delilah is kidnapped as they argon both walking along which Samson is oblivious too as he is so high on petrol fumes.His girlfriend is raped and bashed by the abductors, but when she returns back to the camp Samson is unconscious on the ground, passed out from sniffing petrol. Delilah tarts sniffing petrol as well and is hit by a car as they be walking along the road, which Samson is once to a greater extent oblivious too, as they are both high on petrol fumes. Delilah recovers in hospital, comes back and takes Samson to a unconnected property where she intends on portion him to dry out, but finds him sniffing petrol again. Assessment of Samson Samson has been heavily abusing this volatile substance to the grade where he is physiologically dependent on sniffing petrol .Behave Net(2013) explain th at substance dependence dope be diagnosed when an individual continues to use the rug, even though there are problems associated with the use of the volatile substance. Samson has built up a tolerance to the petrol and seems to need increased amounts of this substance in order to attain the want level of intoxication. Rassool (2009) confirms this, stating that when a body adjusts to the usual use ot a drug, tolerance advances as higher doses ot the substance are needed to reproduce the desired or similar cognitive, affective or behavioural effects (p. ). Petrol sniffing is a form of volatile consequence abuse VSA that is more common in isadvantaged or isolated communities which reflects the record of ethnical oppression, poor health, unemployment, recreational opportunity and geographical isolation of outdoor(a) autochthonic Australians( Dingwall, Lewis,Maruff Cairney 2010). Research has shown that 14 to 17 year old autochthonal Australian males are more habitual in the us e of VSA by using more frequently and longer than non- Indigenous users (Australian Government department of wellness and Aging Publications, 2004).High risk behaviours are associated with VSA due to the individual timbre a sense of eing invulnerable, which toilet cause accidents, injury and death (Cairney Dingwall, 2010). VSA bear also cause the individual to have violent outbursts towards other individuals as well as showing signs of slurred speech, confusion and stupor which can lead to seizures, brain injury and death (Australian Government Department of health and Aging Publications, 2004).Samson is showing all the signs of chronic use of VSA in copulation to his oblivion of all of the trauma that has resulted from his dependence on petrol. I tang that Samson is bored because of the lack of recreational ctivities as well as schooling, there also does not appear to be any cultural programs in place to guide him in helping him with a sense of identity, or any real family s upport including the sharing of the cultural intimacy of elders.Intervention Plan Although there are screening tools such as The Indigenous Risk Impact Screen and Brief Intervention Tool kit out (Amity Community Services, n. d), I feel that the best approach in helping Samson and his dependence on VSA, is to consult with community elders as he is not only a minor, but there are also a lot of cultural arriers that would make it very difficult to counsell him unless the soul were specially trained. It would be especially difficult as Samson speaks his handed-down language and very little English.Cairney and Dingwall (2010) find that it is hard for the problem of VSA to be managed and the impact of it to be understood by Indigenous communities as well as health and government services because of the severe cultural differences that occur between these groups. Aboriginal people have a kinship twist where immediate and extended family are seen as part of the roup and within Indigeno us communities their health is seen as a collective of the emotional, social and cultural benefit of the community (Pattel, 2007).I have personally never hited with clients with VSA, but I feel that motivational interviewing would also benefit Samsons brothers and their community in helping them conquer the problems of VSA. Giddens-Tracey (2005) explains that motivational interviewing is non -Judgmental and avoids confrontation, it helps to raise alertness of the problems, risks and consequences as a result of current ehaviours, and it is also helpful in the context of manipulation planning.MacLean and dAbbs (2002) also moot that the introduction of Youth focused programs and the accessibility of basic food, shelter and education would reduce petrol sniffing, which would owing(p)ly benefit Samson if these projects were to be give in place. Cairney and Dingwall (2010) also suggest that by replacing the volatile petrol with a non-volatile fuel derivative there will be a redu ction in the supply of petrol to inhale. Treatment Process I believe that the first step that would need to be taken in the process ot treatingSamson is to have a doctor or health practitioner examine him for any signs of medical complications. The Australian Government Department of Health and Aging Publications (2004) suggest that when dealing with chronic VSA, it is important for mental state, organ and neurological examination, chest x-rays, blood tests and any additional tests that may be take to assess the presence of metabolic disturbances and morbidity to other variety meat such as the kidneys(p. 142). SVA has been a serious problem in galore(postnominal) remote Aboriginal communities and there are many rograms that have been fructify in place to help these Indigenous youth.The volatile substance abuse program (The Australian Indigenous Health Info Net, 2013) runs for 8 weeks offer residence to individuals participating in their programs. They also travel to remote co mmunities to work with Indigenous youth who are having problems with petrol sniffing. Although these services would be great for youth in bigger communities with elder support, I feel that Samson would be more beneficial in attending compulsory treatment Wouth workers back petrol sniffing laws, 2009) ue to his lack of family and elder support as well as his young age.By contrast If Samson did have the support of his brothers I feel that he would benefit from Cultural programs that would give him a sense of identity that teach him the ways of his ancestors by restoring the links to his traditional culture(MacLean& dAbbs). Ethical Issues The first and foremost issue that would affect a counselor working with Samson is their ability to be aware and respectful of any cultural differences or traditions.Westerman (2004) ,Vicary and Andrews (2001) McLennan and Khavarpour( 2004) ropose that due to non-indigenous health care workers being aware of cultural traditions and practices, many Indigenous Australians are wary of engaging in mental health services( as cited in Fan,2007). There is also the issue of gender roles in Indigenous culture, Fan(2007) also explains that it is common practice in health care to work with your same gender, so it may not be respectful for a female exponent to work with Samson as he may feel shame, which may have a detrimental effect on his treatment and recovery process.As a counsellor there is also the ethical esponsibility of working with a minor, as Samson is only 14 years old. The Psychotherapy and Counselling Federation of Australia PACFA (2011) states that on the job(p) with young people requires specific training, ethical awareness and competence. The practitioner is required to consider and assess the balance between young peoples dependence on adults and carers and their progressive development towards acting independently (p. 14). Therefore I feel that it would be advisable to refer Samson on to a culturally assign service that would be more equipped to help his needs.Conclusion In concluding this case study on a young 14 year old Indigenous Australian who is dependent on sniffing petrol we can see that Samson has built up a tolerance to the petrol and seems to need increased amounts of this substance in order to attain the desired level of intoxication. Petrol sniffing is a form of volatile solvent abuse VSA that is more common in disadvantaged or isolated communities which reflects the floor of cultural oppression, poor health, unemployment, recreational opportunity and geographical isolation of remote Indigenous Australians.VSA can also cause the individual to nave violent outbursts towards other individuals as well as snowing signs of slurred speech, confusion and stupor which can lead to seizures, brain injury and death. The first step that would need to be taken in the process of treating medical complications. Cultural programs that would give Samson a sense of Cultural identity would benefit him greatly if he had support from his family but I feel that Samson would be more beneficial in attending a compulsory culturally book service treatment due to the ethical issues surrounding his age.

Novel by Haruki Murakami Essay

The short story On Seeing the 100% Perfect Girl One Beautiful April morning time by Haruki Murakami connects with the referee through the idea that you can encounter dead on target love by chance. Unfortunately, that chance can get away from you without either real action from yourself. The story is set in Tokyo in 1981 on what is described as a beautiful April morning. It sounds like a regular day, what made it beautiful for the main timber was that he maxim the girl that was 100% perfect girl for him. The methods of fiction help us better understand and connect to stories. The narration is done in the graduation exercise and third somebody points of view. The premier person point of view inserts the reader into the situation, making the story very personal. The third person narrative gives a different, larger perspective on the story and gives us more than of an penetration into the concept of chance.From a characterization stand point the main character is portrayed as a regular person and really nevertheless encounters a regular girl but in his eyes, she is really more like a girl from an otherwise world. There is one other person in the story but only provides a pocket-sized bit of dialogue and is not developed at all. The third person narrative develops the two different main characters in ways first person does not. The overall tone of the story is somber. The idea of once having your authentic love so close then letting fate test its course only to never feel the same way once more is depressing As a whole, this story connects the reader to an event that numerous have probably encountered in their life seeing the perfect person, only when for a second but not taking action. We go on with our lives and think nothing of it but this story delves a bit deeper into a possible scenario connecting the two people. In the end however, the characters still lose to each one other.

Estimating the Iron(II) content in an iron tablet using a standard solution of potassium manganate (VII) Essay

Calculating the amount of beseech(II) faceThe squeeze was oxidised from its 2+ state to 3+ by sulfuric acerbicAnd the manganate squeeze was reduced as followsThis half equation is balanced as followsSince the preceding(prenominal) equation involves the transfer of tailfin electrons, the equation involving iron needs to be multiplied by five before the two half equations feces be added togetherAdding the two half equationsThis simplifies toThis equation shows that for every five present, one is required for the reaction to be completed.19.1ml of potassium manganate source was utilize for titration. From this the amount of manganate ions used burn down be calculated as follows sum of present =Mass of present =Since the volume of final declaration used was 25cm3, one-tenth of the pith radical made from the five iron birth control pills, the above calculation shows that. Dividing this abide by by 5, we get 53.3mg of Fe present in apiece tablet.We may likewise calcu late the amount of Iron(II) Sulfate are present in each tabletMolar mass of Iron(II) Sulfate, FeSO4 55.8+32+164 = 151.8g/ groinAmount of FeSO4 present/5 tabletsThe mass of the five iron tablets was thrifty to be 1.552g0.0001. Dividing this value by five gives 0.310g per tablet, or 310mg. This means that the office of Iron(II)Sulfate present in each tablet in mass is as followsUncertainties calculationPercentage uncertainty for pipette reading ===> tawdriness of iron (II) termination used = 25ml0.05Percentage uncertainty for burette reading ===> Volume of potassium manganate used = 19.1ml0.05Adding the percentage uncertainties together, the overall uncertainty is 0.462%. Converting this to the uncertainty of the sum amount of iron sulfate present, we obtainThus, the total amount of iron sulfate can be said to be 145mg0.670Literature value for mass of Iron Sulfate present in one tablet is 160mg. The percentage error of the experimental results can thus be calculated as follo wsConverting this into absolute error in the amount of iron, we obtainThus, the total amount of iron sulfate with respect to its error value can be said to be 145mg13.6.ConclusionIn this investigation it was give through calculations that each of the iron tablet contained approximately 145mg of Iron (II) Sulfate. This is 15mg slight than the listed amount of 160mg on the package, or 10% less than the literature value. This may have happened because some of the crushed tablets were left behind in the mortar. other possible reason is that some of the iron in the iron (II) solution deposited in the bottom of the volumetric flask. This would mean that the pipette was filled with solution of less iron concentration than the average concentration. This would explain the smaller obtained value.It was also found that the percentage error value was significantly large than the percentage uncertainty. This suggests that there was systematic error in this experiment. A possible trend to solve this problem is to calibrate the burette and pipette next measure before conducting the experiment.EvaluationThis investigation has several flaws in its method. Potassium manganate (VII) solution was used in this experiment to titrate against the iron tablet solution. However, because it quick decomposes into manganese dioxide (MnO2), it is difficult to ever obtain a solution with particular concentration. The result is that the volume of manganate (VII) solution used might have been bigger than necessary due to decreased concentration as a result of decomposition. To minimize this from happening, the solution should be kept in a disinfect container and exposed to as little light as possible, as the solution decomposes faster under light and contaminated container.The obtained result was smaller than literature value, and this may have been because some of the powdered tablet was left in the mortar. To improve the accuracy of this experiment, one should wash the mortar wit h sulfuric acid or distilled water, which can then be transferred to the volumetric flask. This would allow to a greater extent of the iron tablet to be contained in the acidic solution, thus increase the amount of iron present.To extend this investigation, one can experiment on more types of iron tablets. Alternatively, a various content such as calcium or potassium can be investigated. This would require different types of tablets to be used.

Alcohol and Advertising Essay

Throughout the biography of television, cipherers have raised many questions about deluge beverageic drinkic drink publicise. Does advert knead alcohol consumption? Does it has an pretend on alcohol convolute or alcohol related disease and death? How is denote alter us? The goal of this essay is to collect secernate, both theoretical and empirical, that would shell out the question of whether advertisement affects in any measurable manner alcohol consumption and mortality from alcoholism and alcohol related disease.The alcohol and advertising industries argue that as alcoholic drink is a legal overlap it should be legally possible for it to be advertised, and that bans on alcohol advertising would have adverse effects on the alcohol market and on the media. They also argue that bans argon not justified as advertising is concerned with promoting sales of individual brands and there is no evidence of a causal link between advertising and the overall level of alcohol con sumption or the amount of alcohol related harm.The main arguments are that as well as promoting brands, advertising is also concerned with recruiting revolutionary drinkers and increasing sales among existing, and e peculiar(prenominal)ly heavy consumers. (Fisher 22-24) Henry Saffer, a new York economist who focuses in alcohol look into, assures that alcohol advertising is increasing commerce accidents and alcohol consumption. He declares, ? Until now, most of the studies done on the subject answer that alcohol advertising doesn? t affect drinking behavior.The alcohol labor uses these studies to bolster its argument that advertising only induces people to switch brands. These studies pass on coming and find nothing because they set themselves up to find nothing.?? (Abramson 1) Saffer research? K? K Much of the debate concerns the possible effects on children and young people. The Advertising Codes prohibit the specific targeting of minors, but the ubiquity of alcohol advertis ing ensures that it can hardly be missed by them. Indeed, the evidence is that even young children are aware of alcohol advertisements and tend to mobilize them.(Mackiln 251-252) ? The American Academy of Pediatrics?? shows a recent study of the impact of television on children and teenagers ? XAmerican children view over 23 hours of television per week. ?XTeenagers view an average of 21 to 22 hours of television per week. ?XBy the time todays children reach age 70, they will have spent to 10 old age of their lives watching television. ?The American Academy of Pediatrics?? states that television advertising influence education and conduct of children and adolescents.They believe that ? time spent watching TV could be better spent on constructive activities.?? Some separate statistics that are shown are ? XAmerican children have viewed an estimated 360,000 advertisements on television before graduating from higher(prenominal) school. ?XAmerica children view nearly 2,000 beer and wine commercials on television. Beer, wine and liquor companies clear over $2 billion per year on advertising and promotion. (1) perchance the most commonly held assumption by researchers in the field is that advertising works.There is a strong belief that advertising affects consumption of alcoholic beverages and is related to the adverse consequences of excessive use. Hilary Abramson, describes in her article ? Alcohol Ads annex Drinking?? the study ? The Alcohol Epidemiology program at the University of Minnesota?? has count some restrictions that can be apply in a special event, business or organization. The restrictions are noooooooo Works Cited Abramson, Hilary. ?Alcohol Ads Increase Drinking.?? frightful 1997. November 23, 2002 Abramson, Hilary. ?Warning TV Alcohol Ad Warning Could Work.??August 1995. November 23, 2002 ? The American Academy of Pediatrics.?? November 23, 2002 Fisher, Joseph C. ?Exposure to Alcohol Images in Mass Media.?? Advertising, Alcohol Consumption, and shout out A Worldwide Survey. Connecticut Greenwood Press, 1993. 28-55. Hanson, David J. ?Alcohol Advertising.?? 1997-2002. November 23, 2002 Macklin, Carlson Les. , ed. ?Adolescents? Attention to Beer and Cigarette photographic print Ads and Associated product Warnings.?? Advertising to Children Concepts and Controversies. California SAGE Publications, 1999. 251-275.

Example Of A Financial Aid Letter Of Appeal Essay

If you crap doomed your financial aid and need to learn how to write an appeal letter to the Financial Aid committal of your school, it is best to either ask a financial aid counselor that works in your schools financial aid office or the specific person who move you your financial aid letter of suspension. Each school may prevail different requirements but the reasons for the suspension are usually about the same. nigh schools al throw have their own appeals forms but it is similarly good to light them a personal letter from yourself as well as a letter from a faculty member in your area of story vouching for you that you ordain strive hard to fix the areas that need to be placed in order to get your financial award reinstated. You may also have to consider getting a guaranteed approval loan or a no cosigner student loan in berth your financial aid is not reinstated.When writing your awards letter request for reinstatement, NEVER, and I mean NEVER put the blame on someon e else as to why you failed to encounter the criterion. This is different than writing a letter of financial aid appeal because you need more money. Unless you got into a car possibility that put you in a coma or were otherwise the victim of some crime that was out of your control, you should never blame someone else for your shortcomings. unendingly take responsibility for why you failed. You can go further and explained why you fell short, but make sure you state that it was your fault and it is you that will make steps to correct the short coming. If the financial aid committee sees that you cant even take blame for failing to meet the criterion, they may also feel that you are not yet ready to take full responsibility to fix what needs to be fixed. In essence, they may see dealing with you and your appeal as a godforsaken of time and deny your appeal.Next, you should lay out a plan to follow and tell them exactly what you are going to do or doing to shed light on the prob lem. If you are in counseling, if you have moved out of stressful environment, if you have gotten extra tutors, they should know this in your letter of appeal.Third, try to get a letter from a faculty member in your area of sight vouching for you and perhaps explaining why they should reinstate your financial aid

Discuss the different types of love Essay

In tour 3, Shakespeare portraits hit the sack in un desire characters daub of views, also showing the different demeanors get by place be articulateed in. Orlando and Silvius both express their love openly, non fear of embarrassments. Touchstones love is in truth realistic phoebe birds way of express is in truth adolescent and Rosalinds words are rattling self-contradicting. Touchstones point of view of a wife is a as well asl that preserve be replaced or thrown away at each time.Just from the condone he gave from not having a proper wedding for he is not wish well to marry me well and, not being well married, it bequeath be a good excuse for me here afterward to leave my wife, it disregard show that he doesnt re totallyy value this brotherhood and is already call uping or so divorcing before they are even married. also from the reason he gave about the marriage is on the yetton by so very much is a horn more precious than to want, we move tell how he adjo ins Audrey as a person. Audrey in Touchstones eyes can be seen as an object or unspoiled a releasing of sexual needs, he is not respecting her in any point.As a professional jester, people usually imagine them as very nai?? ve and stupid, notwithstanding in a contrast to Orlando from a solemn family, he acts more mature and is more realistic. By using orotund difference in status, Shakespeare shows that the way of thinking is actually not alter by the status and job of that person. Different from Orlando, Silvius pursues basketball team day and night, and begs that she would presume him, while Orlando is just expressing his love without even the courage to go see Rosalind face to face. But the love between Silvius and flipper is one sided.We can tell this after Silvius state she is like the common executioner, whose heart thaccustomd sight of death makes punishing begging her to go easy on him, but just in go along receives Phoebes mocking. She mocks him about his hyperbol ic language and says now show the outrage mine eye hath made in thee. During the whole scene, she still said Siliviuss name once, showing that she does not even spare him a glance. Not only(prenominal) is their love one sided, Phoebe acts really sozzled and is very cruel with the words she chose to use.Like if mine eyes can wound, now let them kill thee, suggests that she would rather kill him than to give him a little of her love. Although she says cruel things, but she never kicked Silvius or physically digest him. She also never said anything like stay away, I think is because she likes to feeling of being popular, and the amount of attention Silvius is large(p) her. I think she mistook that every man is like Silvius, only let out for her love, and falling before her knees, thats why she acts like a queen.This shows that Phoebe actually has very little contacts with people outside even the others in the forest. Phoebe actually is very in see with love. Although she didnt say openly, but saying I had rather hear you chide than this man hook to a man which she has just saw reveals her affections. Shakespeare here uses dramatic irony, because Phoebe doesnt know that Ganymede is actually a women in disguised. And denying her own love is just like the actions of a child towards his or her first love, so I think she is very inexperienced in love.The love Orlando holds for Rosalind is very inconsiderate. As Rosalind says, he haunts the forest that abuses out young plants with carving Rosalind on their bards hangs odes upon hawthorns and elegies on brambles all, forsooth, defying the name of Rosalind. He doesnt care how much discomfit he is causing to the forest and other people that lives in the forest, just for the sake of his quotidian of love. He didnt care about Rosalinds feelings whose name is written by him all over the forest, which makes her astray known, just for the sake of his love.Orlando is very childish, naive, and venire. He wants the who le earthly concern to believe that he is in love with Rosalind, even the Ganymede for which he has only seen. He said, fair youth, I would I could make thee believe I love and I swear to thee, youth, by the white hand of Rosalind, I am that unfortunate he. From his urgent tone, we can tell that how much a unknown regions word weighs on his heart, in narrate for him to swear. White using to describe a persons pelt can mean that he or she is ill, but I think Orlando mean no harm, but this is just the word he can find to describe Rosalind.So, again, we can see the big difference in education between Rosalind and Orlando. He said the verses above right after Rosalind (now as Ganymede) said he doesnt look like he is in love, so he reacted greatly from just a strangers words. Just from one side of the story, without questioning the truth, Orlando accepted the tending of a stranger, without even knowing that person. If it was a trap, Orlando would be dead by now, so he is very nai?? ve. As a woman, Rosalind loves Orlando by heart. By the way she questions Celia about Orlando, answer me in one word shows that Rosalind is very urgent about everything that is about Orlando.Although she loves him, she doesnt show it very much, denying the love rule in Shakespeares plays, which when characters fall in love hard and fast, they would be desperate and reacts greatly. Rosalinds love is very self-contradicting. She says love is merely a madness when she also, is madly in love. She says as if she was very experienced with love, but actually she doesnt hold much experience than Orlando does. These contradictions only happen when she is dress as a man, showing the difference in gender can bring much difference in the way of talking and gestures.Rosalind is a very ironic character. She comments on love from ii different points of views when she is having two different identities. She uses her identities to her greatest benefits, but in return receives a self-contradictory imag e about love. It is because in Shakespeares period, all actors were men. Imagine a man playing a woman who plays a man in order to win a mans love, the neat borders of gender becomes hopelessly muddled. I think Rosalinds Ganymede individualism is use to show that men is actually not much best(p) than women, because the things men can do, women can also do if they want.Shakespeare displays love in many different angles, showing to the audience that love cannot be too realistic like Touchstone, but cannot be too imaginative like Orlando love is a poison that can bring suffer like Silvius and Phoebe, but can also bring sweetness. The love in As You Like It is far to unrealistic that they are not likely to happen, but this is just a hyperbolic play, suggesting that it might occur in other form. Like Rosalinds identities, love need to strike a poise otherwise they would create problems for others and themselves.

Addiction as A Lifestyle

For several decades, health issues bear increased by more than 8.5% each year. According to a recent mull over conducted by the center for Disease Control and Prevention, 65% of US adults are all overweight or obese. The rate of diabetes are increasing in the united States, with a 27 percent increase seen in the last quintuplet years. The spunky cost of health business organisation also poses a study threat to the nations economy. However, health problems ejectnister be prevented to a large finish by chairling spates lifestyle. Group discussions and conversations may help people to involve a water-loving way of living.Therefore, Cybernetics which is the study of conversation/communication and require/regulation deal be used to help solve this problems. This study aims at utilize cybernetics as a form for exacting health problems. colonyIn developed countries of the world like USA, where the literacy rate is above 95%, people kat once that leading a healthy life style removes the risk of continuing health issues to a considerable margin.However they most times do non adopt a healthy way of living. Why? colony has ruined the healthy life style of people. For example- people may be attached to sleeping and do non exercise, addicted to eating foods with high calories that causes them obesity and make them prone to heart problems. Addiction is a soma in which a consistent desire/craving to repeat an addicted style exceeds the ability to rationally stop doing so. When the more you have, the more you await to need to achieve the same effect or result. This effect can be displayed as a cock received feedback loop where the want breeds expanding inside the loop.Some background about feedback loops Feedback loops are of two forms negative feedback loop and commanding feedback loop.Negative feedback loops strives towards balance and stasis by subtracting error with each cycle. A dependable example of negative feedback loop is homeostasis, the bodys system for keeping itself chemically and temperature balanced. dogmatic feedback loops, by comparison, add the variations of each cycle. As a result they can become potentially dangerous as their effect mount with each event. Hypothermia, shock, heatstroke are examples of positive feedback.Figure-1 models colony (nicotine addiction) as a positive feedback. The desire for smoking continues to increase in the loop for achieving the same level of satisfaction.The first day, move needs to smoke once and get satisfied. The entropy day, he needs to smoke twice to get the same level of satisfaction. Gradually, his cravings and urge to smoke increases along with the frequency.Controlling the Uncontrollable(addiction)The graph above (Figure-1) indicates how the addiction continue to expand in a positive feedback loop. Also, Batesons examination of alcohol addiction contended that the very attempt to regain discretion, to be a commander of ones have spirit, added to the height ening of the alcoholism.Moreover, the Twelve Step Program of Alcoholics Anonymous-which has been effectively modify to a huge number of addictive practices, offers recuperation by surrendering that is, by stopping to deliberately try to stop the addiction. Subsequently, the person who is addicted does not have an essential variety to control addiction.At the point when Addiction becomes uncontrollable, how can it be controlled? Ludwigs research on Alcoholics mind demonstrates that developing the the right way mind frame (sufficient inspiration) for sobriety improves the probability that an individual can presage out how to resist his addiction .Sufficient inspiration or adequate penury can solve the puzzle of addiction as an uncontrollable event. The diagram beneath demonstrates the cybernetic approach to deal with controlling health issues by inspiring individuals to follow a sound way of life (work out, yoga, healthy food and so on.), that is abstaining from an unhealthy way of life. Reward/Incentive SystemPeople have various needs including monetary needs, physiological needs, safety needs and love needs. An individual can be motivated for performing an activity using proper incentives which may help in fulfilling some of his needs.A give back system could be a web application like load Watchers or an organization such as a health club. on a lower floor is a model of an incentive system used in propel a person to exercise regularly. The model also shows that the system can keep refining or modifying the incentive system to make sure that the user is always motivated.Group Affiliation/FriendsGroups, friends and circle of relatives assist in controlling addictions and regulating the manner people live.People develop trust, caveat and similitude in a group that offer intellectual strength for controlling their cravings. It has additionally been proved that the group association programs offer long- term indemnification for addiction in comparison t o short-term remedy provided through medicinal drug therapy. Self-assist programs like Alcoholics anonymous, rational healing or women for Sobriety, assist in gaining control over addiction through assisting the affected person to integrate into a self-assist group.TrustTrust is a system-related concept and that is a constantly evolving state of information acquisition, treat and feedback. Figure-4 demonstrates the system model of trust among two actors (trustor and trustee). The trustor continually accesses the demeanor of the trustee against his mental model of trustworthiness, which results in increased trust if the behavior matches with his mental model otherwise decreased trust.Trustworthiness relies on deuce-ace variables which relate to perception about the person to be relied on competence, single and benevolence. Competence is the perceived potential of the trustee, as measured through indicators which includes training or credentials, experience, and reliable past pe rformance. Integrity is the degree to which the trustee is considered to perform with honesty, fairness, and consistency of actions and words. Benevolence concerns the terminus to which the trustee demonstrates care and consideration for people he or she interacts presently or indirectly.In addition to the above-recognized condition variables, trust also relies on the context inside which the trustor and trustee are embedded. It could affect the extent to which the trustee is rated on antecedent variables particularly competence. For instance, a person may be perceived as competent in one context but no long in another. Furthermore, it is essential to differentiate between Interactions among un known others and ongoing interactions among familiar others for trust.In a social system, trust could be unidirectional or bi-directional. Also, trust may be commutative.After the developement of trust, the trustor (Alice) feels confident and becomes willing to take actions establish on t he suggestions, actions and decisions of the trustee (Bob) to an extent proportional to the trust level in the trustee. Now, when Bob says that he controlled his blood sugar level by pursuit the recipes from the diabetic cook-book, Alice feels confident the same recipes in the diabetic cook-book works and she is now motivated to follow them too. It also gives her a social proof of the dependableness of the recipes from the diabetic cook-book. Figure-6 is the conversation model of this trust and social proof scenario between Alice and Bob.CareCare is also a continously evolving state of information aquisition, processing and feedback.Similarity, trust, understanding and reciprocality make the important variables.It is also dependent on context and familiarity/ kin between individuals. Below is a figure which shows a model of care between Alice and Bob and how care helps them for abstinence. Bobs behavior is matched to Alices mental model of a person she would like to care for. If t here is a positive match,then the care for Bob increases otherwise it decreases. When there is a match, she cares about what Bobs expectations are from her. She feels a sense of responsibility/accountability for Bobs expectations because she does not want to disappoint him. Similarly, Bob also does a behavior assessment of Alice against a mental model of a person she would like to care for. Its also important to argumentation that both may have different perceptions or mental models of the persons they may like to care for. Also, care may be unidirectional as well. Now when Bob makes a suggestion to Alice about losing weight, she feels responsible/ responsible for losing weight as she cares about Bob. Similarly, Bob feels responsible/accountable for not smoking when Alice asks him to quit smoking.

Biblical Worldview Essay

IntroductionIn Romans we use up so many aspects of Christians life. It tells us how we as Christians should view the cancel world, our identity and our relationship with others, our culture, and civilization. There is so more than more we could learn from this book. In Romans 1-8 we get out find that the information in it is so much that we will not get the full meaning of every(prenominal) the things it is apothegm unless we look deeper into it. Romans 1-8 takes us from our total inability to walk in great works, to deitys trustfulness in justifying, sanctifying, and glorifying us by our faith through graven images grace.The Natural WorldWe all f atomic number 18 that beau ideal through his own words formed the natural world. God spoke the universe and everything that existence in it. As Christians we should be this because as believers, we believe the bible is a revelation of God and that it is not just a book written by valet de chambre hands. Paul writes in Romans 120 -21 For since the creation of the world his invisible attributes are clearly seen, being understood by things that made, even in his aeonian power and God head, so that they are without excuse, 21- because although they knew God, they did not glorify him as God nor were thankful, but became futile in their thoughts, and their foolish hearts were change. God made everything and he is showing those that disrespect him in his mettle with their sin himself so that when they know that there is a God and he created everything. charitable IdentityOur human Identity of who we as a gentlemans gentleman is that we all were made in Gods image. God created us equally, but he similarly gives us the free will to recognise to serve him or not. In Psalm 85 it says For you swallow made him a little lower than the angels and you commit crowned him with distinction and honor. And in Genesis 215 Then the Lord God took the man and put him in the Garden of Eden to tend and find it. We have many things that are wrong with us that we cant fix, so we claim Jesus to justify, sanctify, and glorify us. We need all triplet those that we can be connected to Christ, live life, server him and when we die we will get to enjoy eternal heaven with him, and have everlasting life.Human RelationshipIn Romans 128 it says he who exhorts, in exhortation he who gives, with liberality he who leads, with diligence he shows mercy, with cheerfulness. What that verse is formulation to all Christians is that our ethic is based all on love. We as humanity know that relationships very confusing and are hardest part of life. We all have a sin against own bodies and souls, but it is a sin that is against others who were created in Gods image. If you are going to steal from your neighbor you susceptibility as well steal from God. We were all created in his image and we need to love and respect others just like we would God.CulturePaul says in Romans 11 that God will save some in Israel because around of them were elect by the Patriarchs. Romans 12 says as Christians we are to live as a living sacrifice to Christ, while doing all these thing in love and showing our love to others through service. We as believers are to be humble and serve others with joy, as believers we are to work with others to Christs redemptive work. Christ is merciful, righteous, sovereign, and just God. He wants us to love some other like he loves the world.ConclusionNo power in the toss away above or in the earth below- indeed, nothing in all creation will ever be able to separate us from the love of God that is revealed in Christ Jesus our Lord Romans 839. Its so refreshing to know that I can constantly count on God to love me. Even when Im unable to love myself God will. It is a wonderful feeling to know that I can have a relationship with God, where and whatever I do, or say or think will never pip him not love me. God will always love and be with me no matter what. God wants us to live fo r him. He also wants us to lead others to him.ReferencesNew King James Version password (NJKB)

Mkt 421 Final Exam

1) concord to the text, merchandising means A. Selling. B. Much much than sell and advertise. C. Producing and selling. D. publicize. 2) For Tesla, a overbold ho riding habit t eyelid nettles an electric sports railcar, estimating how m either competitors will make electric vehicles and what kinds they will make, is A. A end crossway activity. B. One of the universal functions of innovation. C. An congresswoman of the micro-macro dilemma. D. A cut hit of trade. 3) Which of the interest contentions outdo describes the innovative view of merchandising? A. merchandise should discern over appendageion, accounting, and financial services at bottom a strong.B. The job of mart arrayplaceing is to demoralise rid of whatever the follow is producing. C. merchandise is concerned with generating a single reciprocation between a firm and a customer. D. merchandiseing begins with anticipating potential customer inescapably. 4) professed(prenominal) Dental a ffix has been victoriously selling dental instruments to dentists for the past 20 years, and has positive strong customer relations. When learning for rude(a) trade opportunities, Professional Dental Supply will most bidly look first at A. securities industry raisement. B. variegation. C. harvesting bringment. D. food market penetration. ) To compete more(prenominal) than success soundy with its many competitors offering packaged cookies, non suitable Amos added its own line of extra lowset premium cookies. This seems to be an effort at A. Market conditionment. B. Market penetration. C. intersection point training. D. Combination. 6) Which of the chase statements regarding merchandise strategies is FALSE? A. Developing successful mart strategies does non need to be a hit-or-miss proposition. B. These strategies must comely the needs of mark customers, and a firm is likely to get a militant advantage if it just meets needs in the same way as to the highes t degree different firm. C.These strategies require decisions just slightly the specific customers the firm will sharpen and the market integrate the firm will develop to appeal to that prat market. D. It is make utilise offul to gauge of the market strategy forgening dish out as a narro throw outg-down move. 7) A firms marketing mix decision beas would NOT accept A. Price B. People C. Product D. forwarding 8) Which of the chase is true? A. The harvest-festival P in the marketing mix stands for solely obvious merchandise. B. The product P in the marketing mix stands for both physical goods and services. C. The product P in the marketing mix stands for both physical goods and tangible D.The product P in the marketing mix stands for lone(prenominal) physical goods. 9) Product is NOT concerned with A. Wholesale outlay. B. Branding. C. Packaging. D. tonus level. 10) Dell, Inc. wants to offer customers televisions in addition to computers. This is a change in their _____________________ A. personnel. B. promotional materialal. C. product. D. determine. 11) Hewlett-Packard sells in-person computers by means of specialty computer stores, electronics superstores, and its own net site. The marketing mix variable that is be considered here is A. Product. B. Placement. C. packagingal. D. Pricing. 2) The ______ argona of the marketing mix is concerned with decisions or so getting the rightfield product to the localise market when and where it is wanted. A. Promotion B. Place C. People D. Product 13) The primary(prenominal) difference between a marketing strategy and a marketing image is that A. A marketing strategy provides more detail. B. A marketing strategy omits pricing plans. C. A marketing plan includes several(prenominal) marketing strategies. D. Time-related details be include in a marketing plan. 14) A marketing plan is A. A marketing strategyplus the time-related details for carrying it out. B. A target market and a rela ted marketing mix.C. A marketing strategy. D. A marketing program. 15) Which of the following is discontinue of a complete marketing plan? A. Competitors marketing strategies. B. What company resources ( constitutes) be required and at what rate. C. How different marketing mixes (for different target markets) relate to each early(a). D. All of these. 16) merchandising strategy planners should recognize that A. Large firms like General Electric, butt, and Procter & Gamble ar too bouffant to aim at clearly defined markets. B. objective marketing is not particular to small market segments. C. green goddess marketing is often very(prenominal) effective and desirable. D.Target markets should not be handsome and gap out. 17) Target marketing, in production line to slew marketing, A. Ignores markets that are large and spread out. B. Focuses on fairly homogeneous market segments. C. Assumes that all customers are basi wawly the same. D. Is limited to small market segments. 1 8) Good marketing strategy planners know that A. Mass marketing is often very desirable and effective. B. The hurt mass marketing and mass seller mean basically the same thing. C. Target marketing does not limit cardinal to small market segments. D. Firms like Nabisco and WalMart are too large to aim at clearly defined target markets. 9) ______________ is the process of naming panoptic product-markets and thus segmenting these broad product-markets in order to select target markets and develop suitable marketing mixes. A. Mass marketing B. Market aligning C. Diversification D. Market segmentation 20) Clustering techniques use to segmenting markets A. Usually require computers to convocation hatful based on data from market query. B. Remove the need for managerial judgment. C. egest the need for marketing managers to specify in advance what dimensions might be applicable for baseing consumers. D. All of the above are true. 1) The process of naming broad product-markets an d then segmenting them in order to select target markets and develop suitable marketing mixes is called A. Market reading. B. Market penetration. C. Market research. D. Market segmentation. 22) Procedures that develop and analyze impudent entropy to economic aid marketing managers make decisions are called A. analytical research. B. Strategy planning. C. merchandising research. D. Operational planning. 23) ________________ ________________ utilizes qualitative and quantitative psychoanalysis procedures to athletic supporter marketing managers make more informed decisions. A. Marketing structure.B. Marketing planning. C. Marketing research. D. Marketing processing. 24) A ______________ is an organized way of continually collect and analyzing data to get teaching to help marketing managers make ongoing decisions. A. Marketing research project B. Marketing information system C. Marketing research segment D. Marketing model 25) Marketing research which seeks structured response s that freighter be summarized is called A. qualitative research. B. Focus group research. C. Situation analysis research. D. Quantitative research. 26) One of the major disadvantages of the commission group interview approach is hat A. It is difficult to get in-depth information about the research topic. B. It is difficult to measure the results objectively. C. in that respect is no interviewer, so the research questions may not be answered. D. Ideas generated by the group cannot be tested later with other research. 27) Focus groups A. Always do a good job of representing the broader target market. B. abide results that are largely dependent on the viewpoint of the researcher. C. Are high-ticket(prenominal) compared to other marketing research methods. D. Are commonly composed of 10 to 15 flock as participants. 28) The observing method in marketing researchA. Is apply to put on data without consumers being influenced by the process. B. whitethorn require customers to ch ange their normal shop behavior. C. Is not suitable for obtaining primary data. D. Uses personal interviews. 29) The attitudes and behavior patterns of people are part of the A. Competitive environment. B. Social and cultural environment. C. Firms resources and objectives. D. political environment. 30) Which of the following statements about consumer products is true? A. medium products are those that customers normally are least(prenominal) willing to search for. B.Shopping products are those products for which customers unremarkably want to use routinized buying behavior. C. unwanted products are not shopped for at all. D. thingamabob products are those that customers want to buy at the lowest possible price. 31) ______________ is the process of naming broad product-markets and then segmenting these broad product-markets in order to select target markets and develop suitable marketing mixes. A. Mass marketing B. Strategic planning C. Market positioning D. Market segmentation 32) Which is the first stride in market segmentation? A. duty assignment a broad product-market of interest to the firm.B. Evaluating market segments to determine if they are large enough. C. determination integrity or both demographic characteristics to divide up the whole mass market. D. Clustering people with confusable needs into a market segment. 33) The first tonicity in market segmentation should be A. Finding a demographic group likely to use your products. B. Defining most broad product-markets where you may be able to operate reachably. C. Deciding what new product you could develop. D. Evaluating what segment(s) you currently serve. 34) Which of the following is NOT one of the texts product life calendar method stages?A. Market introduction B. Market growth C. Market maturity D. Market penetration 35) The product life cycle A. Applies more to respective(prenominal) brands than to categories or types of products. B. Shows that gross revenue and simoleons unrav el to move together over time. C. Describes the stages a new product idea goes done from beginning to end. D. Has five major stages. 36) tom turkey and Sally Jones are preparing to corrupt a new car. He currently has a Toyota Camry and she has a Honda Accord. They now take two children under age 5, so they plan to trade in Sallys car to purchase a minivan.Sally and gobbler decided on a Honda Odyssey because Sally is familiar with Hondas and thinks they are very reliable. In this purchase situation, Tom and Sallys family life cycle stage is a _____________ segmentation dimension, and the benefit Sally seeks (reliability) is a _____________ segmentation dimension. A. geographic behavioral. B. Demographic geographic. C. Geographic demographic. D. Demographic behavioral. 37) Regarding product life cycles, which of the following is NOT true? A. It is normally expensive for a new firm to gain in the market maturity stage. B.Industry profits are likely to level off or decline before gross revenue level off. C. The level of promotion usually decreases in market maturity because there is less revenue to cover the cost. D. galore(postnominal) tightfitting substitutes are usually competing in the market maturity stage. 38) An industrys sales harbour leveled off and profits are declining in oligopolistic challenger. Consumers see competing products as homogeneous. Several firms make dropped out of the industry, but a new one entered recently. Firms in the industry are trying to avoid price-cutting by expending on persuasive advertising.These firms are competing in which stage of the product life cycle? A. Market introduction B. Market growth C. Market maturity D. Market development 39) During the market introduction stage of the product life cycle A. Funds are being invested in marketing with the scene of time to come profits. B. Considerable money is played out on promotion while place development is left until later stages. C. Products usually show large pro fits if marketers eat up successfully carved out new markets. D. Most potential customers are kinda anxious to try out the new-product conception. 40) Advertising allowances A.Set the allowance amount as a percent of the retailers actual purchases. B. Are price reductions to firms further along in the melodic line to encourage them to advertise or otherwise promote the firms products locally. C. Involve intermediaries and producers sharing in the cost of ads. D. Allow for coordination and integration of ad messages in the pedigree. 41) SGCA is having a sales challenger to encourage retailers to quickly reduce the arsenal of SuperGamer computers. Retailers with the highest sales during the next month win an expense paid trip to a special dealer meeting at a resort in Hawaii. This is A.An example of a producer using sales promotion in the channel. B. Probably outlaw(prenominal) because it might encourage price competition among retailers. C. An example of cooperative advertis ing. D. The type of promotion that continues to impact sales even afterwards the promotion is over. 42) While watching a television program, Liza gets a telecommunicate call just as a commercial is starting. She presses the mute button on the televisions remote control and takes the call, so she pays no attention to the commercial. In terms of the colloquy process, the telephone call is an example of A. Feedback. B. Noise. C. Encoding.D. Decoding. 43) A producer using very rapacious promotion to get final consumers to mystify a bun in the oven intermediaries for a new product has A. A pushing policy. B. A target marketing policy. C. A displace policy D. A selective distribution policy. 44) American Tourister, Inc. a producer of luggageis planning to inaugurate a new product line. The marketing manager is having her sales force call on retailers to explain American Touristers consumer advertising plans, the unique features of the new luggage, how the distributors can best pro mote it, and what sales volume and profit margins they can reasonably expect.This is an example of A. A pushing policy. B. Intensive distribution. C. A pulling policy. D. Selective distribution. 45) Integrated direct-response promotion A. Is not necessary or useful when the channel of distribution involves intermediaries. B. Is usually part of a pushing effort rather than part of a pulling approach. C. Focuses on achieving a measurable, direct response from specific target customers. D. None of these are true. 46) Which of the following statements about positioning is NOT TRUE? A. It helps marketing managers know how customers view the firms offering. B.It refers to how customers think about proposed or present brands in a market. C. It often makes use of techniques such(prenominal) as perceptual mapping. D. Positioning issues are oddly important when competitors in a market are very dissimilar. 47) When segmenting broad product-markets, cost considerations tend A. To preface to a large number of small, but very homogeneous, product-market segments. B. To lead to more aggregating. C. To encourage managers to disregard the measuring stick that a product-market segment should be substantial. D. To be unimportant as long as the segmenting dimensions are operational. 48) Positioning analysis A.Shows that managers and customers usually view present brands similarly. B. Is not a product-oriented approach. C. Helps managers understand the actual characteristics of their products. D. Is a optic aid to understanding a product-market. 49) A _____ is a market with very similar needs and sellers offering various close substitute ways of satisfying those needs. A. Product-market B. Target market C. Generic market D. regular market 50) Which of the following is NOT a trend bear on marketing strategy planning in the area of transnational marketing? A. Decreasing role of airfreight. B. world(prenominal) communication over the Internet.C. Tensions between have and have -not cultures. D. More attention to trade by small companies. 51) When a company grows globally, this is an example of A. Market penetration. B. Diversification. C. Market development D. Product development. 52) Identify the incorrect statement about sales promotions. A. The availability of more ad agencies and specialists has spurred growth in sales promotions. B. Changes in technology have do sales promotions more efficient. C. Sales promotions have increased because of competition in rising markets. D. Sales promotions can be used as tools to overcome consumer price resistance. 3) Which of the following is a key trend affecting marketing strategy planning? A. harvest of marketing information systems. B. Less use of technology in personal selling. C. precedential and ethnic submarkets are getting smaller. D. slow-moving new-product development. 54) It is usually the _________ job, perhaps with help from specialists in technology, to decide what types of sales technology too ls are needed and how they will be used. A. get managers B. Marketing executives C. Sales managers D. Procurement managers 55) The future poses many challenges for marketing managers because A.Social responsibility applies only to firmsnot to consumers. B. New technologies are qualification it easier to abuse consumers rights to privacy. C. It is marketing managers who have full responsibility to preserve our macro-marketing system. D. The marketing concept has become obsolete. 56) Many Internet sites, such as Autobytel. com and Edmunds. com, have extensive information about the prices of new and used vehicles that anyone can use for free. In light of the availability of this information, what is the responsibility of consumers to use it? A. Consumers should not entrust any information they receive from any source except the government.B. Consumers should not use it because it gives them an unfair advantage over car dealers. C. Consumers can use it, but should not feel a responsi bility to do so. D. Consumers have a responsibility to use the information and be smarter customers. 57) Which of the following statements about estimable behavior in lineage is true? A. The legal environment sets the prescriptive standards of respectable behavior. B. The legal environment sets the highest standards of ethical behavior. C. The legal environment sets the minimum standards of ethical behavior D. The legal environment sets the maximal standards of ethical behavior.

Postmodernism

First of all, it is important to be aware of the differences between post contemporaneity and modernism. While modernism always tries to find a unseas unrivalledd way to express something, postmodernistististism has no such concern. Modernism it ego is representational, normative, original and Universalism. It has a bilinear progress. postmodernism has no concern about world original. More oer postmodernism claims that there is not attainable way to create something brand modernistic anymore. So, contrary to modernisms originality, postmodernism is quotation mark based. It is simulation and relativistic.While it is greenness to encounter alienated self in postmodernism, there is a de sack upter self in postmodernism. It will be serviceable to adopt the major characteristics of postmodernism into the postmodern videos. In postmodern characterisations, we usually do fol humiliated out barcaroles. Those barcaroles are inspired mostly from the past. It is viable to say that the postmodern films have a mission of recycling the past. Moreover, since the high and low culture got stuck in the modern times, it is not possible to come across a separated culture in postmodern films. Postmodern films bring them together and break up them in a pot.They do not have one specific genre. Genre-cross over is special Kly recognized in postmodern movies. A postmodern movie can be attached to several genres at the same time. One of the major characteristics of postmodernism, quotation shows itself as intellectuality. It can alike be engaged to non-linearity in some examples. Postmodern movies mostly contain references to other movies. Thats a major element of intellectuality. While it is common to recognize reference to other movies it is withal possible for a postmodern movie to reflect upon its own process.Parodies and pastiches have in any case a major part in postmodern movies. We usually do ascertain the parodies of horror movies. A postmodern film also ben ds the time and creates confusions over the time and space. By the time it also blurs the lines between dream and globe. Especially the hyper reality blurs the lines by creating a simulation of reality. as well the element, metrification is used in postmodern films. For instance if a character speaks at once to the audience, it can be said that one of the elements of metrification is used. Metrification breaks the spell of the movie.

Mining and its Affects on the Community

Arrandale, gobbler. Public Land polity. CQ detective Online. 17 June 1994.Rio Salado College Online. <http//www.riosalado.edu/ work/ pupil/ behave/depository library/ seek/alpha.shtml>Tom Arrandale, a CQ investigator contributor from Albuqueque, unfermented Mexico, uses congressional hearings and senate records to provide an unbiased live oning of the raging battle over the Clinton judgeships plans to up user fees and practice stricter image in the use of reality lands which yield gold, timber, and livestock feed. In a previous name, Mary make cited the enemy of residents of Washington, Oregon and northern California against stricter control and are said to be grudging to sacrifice jobs for owls.Cooper, Mary H. Cleaning Up Hazardous Wastes. CQ Researcher Online. 23 dire 1996.Rio Salado College Online.<http//www.riosalado.edu/services/student/support/library/research/alpha.shtml>This article discusses the positive and prohibit aspects of the ComprehensiveEnviro nmental Response, Compensation and financial obligation arrange, which is more popularly knownas the Superfund law which went into effect December 11, 1980, as well as the need to alter it. She had previously identified some of the agent U.S. Nuclear Weapons Plants which became Superfund sites in her earlier report authorize Nuclear Arms putting to death, published in the June 24, 1994 issue of the CQ ResearcherAssociated essay Text Mining and line of reasoning RamificationsCooper, Mary H. Water Quality. CQ Researcher Online. 24 November 2000. Rio SaladoCollege Online. <http//www.riosalado.edu/services/student/support/library/research/alpha.shtml>This article is or so the success of the 1972 Clean Water locomote in eliminating water pollutantscoming from the intimately obvious point sources which are the industrial plants and sewage treatment plants. However, Cooper contends that just about forty percent of waters in the country are still soil owing to runoffs from c oal mines in the mountains, brute wastes and toxic chemicals from agricultural farms, and toxins from city pathway sewers. In another article a couple of years subsequently entitled crotch hair and the Environment, Cooper lenient the same apprehension when the Bush brass allowed companies mining for coal in the mountains of Kentucky and due west Virginia to dump their rubbles into surrounding streams.Landers, Robert K. Is America Allowing Its past times To Be Stolen? CQ Researcher Online.18 January 1991. Rio Salado College Online. <http//www.riosalado.edu/services/student/support/library/research/alpha.shtml>Landers talks about how Americas past is being lost by means of the mining of Ameri fag Indian artifacts and discusses the merits and shortcomings of the indigenous American Graves Protection and Repatriation Act signed by President Bush in November 1990. In a later article in the CQ Researcher, Mary Cooper writes about the American Indians fear of racism by a soci ety that cant come to grips with its bloody past.Prah, Pamela M. coal Mining Safety. CQ Researcher Online. 17 March 2006.Rio Salado College Online.<http//www.riosalado.edu/services/student/support/library/research/alpha.shtml>Using extracts from a congressional forum on mine safety as well as conjurements of expertsand government authorities, Prah dwells on the subject of the auspices of the nations coal miners in the aftermath of an incident in a Sago, westernmost Virginia mine explosion which killed 12 miners. This prompted the NIOSH, the Mine Safety and wellness Administration, and the state of West Virginia, to co-sponsor an International Mining Health and Safety Symposium on April 20-22, 2006 in Wheeling, West Virginia.