Distributed system Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Distributed system - Essay ExampleA distributed system is incorporate by numerous self-directed computers that communicate throughout a computer network. In addition, the communication systems work with each other to attain a common objective/goal. More everyplace, a computer program that executes in a distributed system is acknowledged as a distributed program, and distributed programming is the procedure of writing similar programs (Godfrey., 2006 Bal et al., 1989). alter systems are utilized today for various reason. This type of computing helps pots store all the data in a single location, which helps them make sure everyone is working with the same information. For example, bank ATMs run over a centralized network. In this scenario, ATMs are the clients, and the large computers at the banks are the main server (Forouzan & Fegan, 2003 Nash, 2000, p.10). Hales (2007) stated that centralisation can be taken as the allocation of the entire IT resources to one particular business building block that offers IT services to whole corporation. Additionally, the major characteristics of a centralized technique comprise efficiency, control and cost saving. In addition, the centralized techniques are effectual in attaining the control over a business or corporations information system. Moreover, a centralized system can centralized or it can be a cost saving reordering of an organizations information systems to one particular spatial relation (Hales, 2007).According to Wall (2001), the key advantage of centralized systems is that they offer centralized power through established technology and vendors. They therefore engage less technical risks. Additionally, the corporate information systems professionals offer extremely steady-going role to maintain similar business systems. In addition, there should be no confusion over jobs as well as the software and hardware employed at the corporation. However,

City National Research Proposal Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

City subject field - Research Proposal ExampleBy means of its banking offices in West Virginia, Kentucky and Ohio, the Company is able to offer credit, deposit, investment advisory as easily as insurance products and services to its customers. City Holding Company is the parent company of City National Bank of West Virginia. The company in line with this to a fault works with City Insurance Professionals, an insurance agency that provides a full array of insurance products and services.Assessing the position of company necessitates the discussion as easily up as examination of the firms strengths, weaknesses, opportunities as well as threats. In this light we train into consideration that the strengths and weaknesses of the firm would be based on the conditions of the firm internally while the firms opportunities and threats would be based on the placement of the firm in its external environment as well as the dealings it is engaged with.One of the key opportunities that are ev ident for the firm is that when it comes to answering to local anesthetic demand, the retail division of the firm was the first in their markets to establish and launch an innovative checking selection for individuals who happened to give birth their past challenges when it comes to running their accounts.Bounce Back Checking is for individuals who have been rejected and taken the opportunity to open a checking account. This particular option is intended for those individuals who are seeking to a fresh start. The company assists these individuals by providing them the necessity guidelines when it comes to learning responsible banking practices together with the aim of moving them to a traditional checking account.Apart from this, the company was also able to generate its own opportunity when it instigated the Community Hero Checking. This particular program honors current and retired soldiers personnel, firefighters, police officers, medical professionals and teachers by offering them special account

Assignment#2 Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

2 - Assignment ExampleAn example is the brown eyes allelomorph that is superior oer blue eye allele. An unmarried with both blue and brown eyes alleles would have brown eyes.The terminus describes an organism that has two different alleles for a certain trait at a specific locus. The two alleles are represented with the lower and upper case of the same letter. A good example is a plant with a pair of alleles that determine whether it would have smooth or serrated margin. The pair would be written as (Ss) to denote the different inherited information carried.This is the genetic make-up of an organism that describes the genetic information contained by alleles in the cells of the organism. A good example is a gene that would define an individual as vulnerable to a particular disease.The principle asserts that, allele pairs representing a certain trait in an organism separate during the formation of gametes and randomly unites after the process of fertilization. This is as based on the followers proponents a particular gene can exist in different forms, new organisms inherit a pair of alleles for each trait from parents, and meiosis result to cells where each acquire a single allele for a given trait. A pair of different alleles results to dominant and recessive alleles that are expressed other than phenotypically. A typical question is the color of seeds in peas. Formations of gametes lead to separation of alleles that determine color in the seeds. They randomly unite during fertilization. Seed color in the peas become a question of which allele is dominant either the green color allele or yellowish color allele. Yellow color allele is dominant over green color allele. Presence of both alleles in a pea results to yellow pees. (YY) and (Yy) genotypes result to yellow seeds. (yy) genotype results to green peas.The principle states that, for genes located on different chromosomes,

Describe how competition and total quality are affecting Essay

Describe how competition and total superior are affecting organizational behavior - Essay ExampleOn the other hand, it may be very useful in improving interaction of people who are located at further distances (French, 2011).Competition is usually evident in the conduction of an activity with potential benefit to the winner. In hatred of it being aimed at increasing employees motivation in his/her work, it can lead to rivalry and jealousy mingled with the competitors. When such issues arise, they reduce the interaction and bond between the employees. This usually swallow adverse effects on the overall performance of the organization especially in assignment required combined effort from the employees for winner to be achieved.There is significant change in organization from past to the current situation. One of the aspects that have changed completely is that of culture integration. In the past, there was no much integration of employees from different cultures. This bonded the employees together and do it easier to manage organization behavior. Currently, many organization embrace multicultural practices, which are not totally real by some people. This poses a challenge in managing the organization behavior. Moreover, the mode of governance of organizations has changed from authoritarianism to dictatorship with good interaction with employees. Thus in order to manage organizational behavior effectively, the leaders should be flexible and dynamic (Pilati & Tosi,

Demonstrative Speech (3-4 mins) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Demonstrative Speech (3-4 mins) - Essay Example afterward you got it rinsed, pour approximately clear water over the rice, so that the level of water would be twice as amply as the level of rice in the planning pot. Note that assorted mercifuls of rice have different consistencies after cooking. So if you want a dish with crisp rice - long grain kind of rice should be taken (for instance, basmati rice). Risotto though requires more sticky kind of rice, better to theatrical role ordinary rice available in all stores. Put the cooking pot on the sweltry plate for cooking the rice youve prepared. Once the water starts boiling, mix the rice mass in the cooking pot in order to prevent rices ad here(predicate)nce to the bottom of the cooking pot. After boiling, cover the cooking pot with a cover, then reduce the heat of the hot plate and perish it until the water inside gets completely absorbed it will take 15-20 minutes. After 15 minutes pass, bit off the hot plate and let the dis h stand for few minutes. Then, add salt and butter. And here you are your extremely delicious rice is ready to be

Offshoring Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Off border - Essay moralMethods In a bid to ensure the data collected is accurate, a quantitative approach has been employed. at one time collected, the data is analyzed by running a regression using the Statistical Package for the favorable Science (SPSS).Findings the research has found 93% R-Square value that essentially implies that close to 93% of the variation in the value of the dependent is well explained by the variation in the independent variation. Also, the results showed a 0.000137 p-value for the off-shoring coefficient, so the p-value is freeze off than 0.05. In essence, this is interpreted to mean that a change in the percentage of material off shoring indeed has an effect on labor and productivity.This research paper has been made in order to equilibrate to pass of bachelor degree in business administration program. I would like to start by thanking God for helping me to finish my thesis, also I would like to say convey to whoever have helped me at one time or indirectly with my thesis and studying and that includes a very special thank for my supervisor (PhD. ShlairAbdulkhaleq) and dean (PhD Fatih ura). Also I would like to thank my parents whom supported me from the start, and of course I would like to say thanks to my husband for everything .In the end, I would like to tell you that Im really happy from the bottom of my fancy that I was able to do this thesis and its just a step towards the success that Im dreaming of, and I hope that it will help the upcoming student in their studies and they tolerate benefit from the information below.Modern businesses are driven by innovation. Outsourcing is one of the methods of innovation undertaken by unlike business enterprises. Outsourcing enables to open new horizons that in turn lead to increased productivity.However, any new inclination brings along its own set of conditions and parameters with it. Outsourcing is no exception in this regard and it has certain prerequisites and parameters that need to be

With reference to research findings, consider whether an Essay

With reference to inquiry findings, consider whether an organisations external environment has a direct causal influence on its internal mental synthesis or whether - Essay ExampleAt the same time, the management of the organisation can fight against the pressures coming from the external forces and this process acts as a mediating influence. This can be shown to be true with practical examples of various companies as well as the research done by business analysts.The simplest example of the external forces which can influence the internal structure is the grow of the country where the business operates. For instance, a multi- content company can have a very different structure amongst its various branch offices depending on the cultural requirements of various locations where it operates. As discussed by Bartlett & Ghoshal (1998), the differences between national and somatic cultures can even lead to conflicts between the way things are structured at a local office and the manag ement directives coming from the home office. The home office often wishes to recreate the corporate structure followed at their location in a country where the national culture can be significantly at odds with the way the corporation is structured.One such example is the case of GEs position in Hungary where the local culture had structured the company based on the make out of time a person had served with the company. Since seniority became the basic premise of promotions, the Hungarian operation soon became bloated and could not match the expectations of GEs head office in America (Welch, 2005). The external environment had touch the internal structure to the extent that operations managers from the home office had to step in and make changes to the stick system in order to save the companys base in Western Europe.GEs culture is reportedly based on individuals and intrinsic motivation which helps its employees seek benefits for the company small-arm they seek benefits for th emselves. As outlined by Jack Welch in Winning (2005), GE rewards those employees who are instrumental in helping GE grow and achieve the corporate vision and

Literature of the African Diaspora Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Literature of the African Diaspora - Essay modelOf great interest when studying Callaloo is the establishment of exactly how the persons of African heritage are able to have their multiple identities and especially so in light of despite persons of a diaspora essentially inhabiting a tot up of different these persons are nevertheless unable to call these different places home. Black persons of the African diaspora tend to suit or create a number of new identities as they continuously move from place to place. In his book, Reversing sail, Gomez points out that the relatively small trickle of African slaves that had been captured as slaves during the fifteenth century eventually evolved into graceful a veritable flood by the end of the seventeenth century. Within a time menses of ten years after Columbus maiden voyage in 1492, numerous enslaved Africans were enslaved in the upstart World along with a number of other slaves drawn from Portugal and the Canaries and sources as expe rienced sugarcane planters. Of limited none is the fact that by 1560, the total number of African slaves was seen to greatly outnumber Europeans in Hispaniola and Cuba, this staggering growth in number eventually saw the number of African outnumber that of Europeans in Vera Cruz and Mexico city by 1570 (62-63). Numerous countries across Europe were seen to join in the slave trade in a move that saw an approximated 6.5 million Africans get shipped out of the African continent between 1700 and 1810. During this period, more European nations were seen to get involved in the slave trade. Some of these nations included Denmark, Britain, France, Portugal, Holland, Sweden and Spain. A number of other non-European countries such as Brazil and the United States also joined the slave trade (Gomez 64). By participating in the slave trade these countries were seen to essentially promote the spread of the Black African diaspora as a look backward of the regions from which they were drawn f rom can be seen to essentially reveal a considerable degree of complexity not only in respect to culture and language, but also as pertaining to the different forms of government, technology, regional and trans-regional mercantile system and agriculture. The Africans transported into the various different regions across the world were to eventually face systems that were essentially quite diverse resulting in increased diversity and multiplicity on the part of these Africans. The Development of the African Class of Mixed hereditary pattern (Mulatto) and their Attempts at Acceptance by Whites Although the questions pertaining to race were seen to be a complex matter in closely of the regions that the Africans had been enslaved, it was generally found to be quite complex in some regions such as in Saint Domingue where there arose a class of put down blacks or affranchis. This class of free blacks was seen to primarily cost of persons of mixed ancestry who were mostly women and nu mbered an estimated 27,000 in 1789. This new class of citizenry owned about 25 percent of the African slave population and accounted for 11 percent of Saint Domingues urban population. nearly two thirds of these citizens were the product of white slave holders and enslaved females and children born out of such unions were born as free men. The affranchis population quickly expanded and by the middle of the eighteenth century, they were able to be widely

The regulatory measures and reportorial standards pertaining to the Essay - 1

The regulatory measures and reportorial standards pertaining to the banking and financial services industry, in light of the subprime crisis and credit crunch of 2007-2008- Mohammed - Essay ExampleThe Basel Committee on Bank Supervision has proposed a set of new regulations, primarily aimed at improving capital adequacy and quality to increase the resilience of the banking industry, and to adopt a set of liquidity measures and controls to stem the accumulation of try that had caused the last crisis. The proposals were consulted with the bank and financial institutions as come up as other interested parties in the finance industry, but despite the clamor for tighter regulations, the proposals were generally poorly received. This study determined that the reason for this lies in the proposals purpose to micro-manage, to emphasize quantity at the expense of quality, to adopt general standards for all banks indiscriminately despite their central differences, to introduce distortion s that create disinformation, and to model the proposed standards after severe stress conditions not even experienced during the crisis. The results argon expected to be greater cost-inefficiency, higher concentration risk, and poorer delivery of services by way of financial intermediation.Chapter 1 introduces the research and the context in which it is conceived, its main research question and the objectives it sought to answer in order to arrive at a conclusion responsive to the research question as well as the manner it carried out this inquiry. It also explains the importance of conducting research on the topic, and the significance of the conclusion to be arrived at.The subprime mortgage crisis, strictly speaking, did not originate from the financial markets, but from the housing sector. If anything, the ultimate cause is attributable to faulty public policy on the manner of subsidizing housing for the lower income segments (Wachter, Pavlov & Pozsar, 2008). Logically, it shoul d have affected the defaulting borrowers, the companies that enabled the mortgages, Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac, and the governing body that has given its guarantee, whether implicit or

The Constitution Thesis Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

The organisation - Thesis ExampleHe further contends that many were disenfranchised and discriminated by the common law and therefore were not represented in the Convention during its drafting which included countless adult males. In addition, virtually of the states at that time imposed property qualifications on the voters and consequently barred non-taxpayers. As most of the members of the conventions were lawyers and representatives of personalty, these individuals were 1directly and in person interested in the outcome of their labors and would economically benefit from the passage of the report ( byssus 59). Furthermore, whiskers asserts that since these men were for the most part merchants, shippers, bankers, speculators, and private and public securities holders, the Constitution was not crafted by the whole people.Beards assertions remained undisputed until 1956 when Robert Browns critique titled Charles Beard and the Constitution A Critical Analysis of An Economic Inte rpretation of the Constitution dispels and attacks Beards thesis and conclusions for their pretermit of merit. Brown, fight Beards objectivity, argues that Beard failed to collect compelling data and evidence to support his contentions. In his critique, Brown scrutinizes the support for the Constitution among diverse economic and social divisions, the democratic character of the country, and the franchise within the states in eighteenth-century America. He holds that Beard was misguided and further added that, eighteenth-century America was democratic, the franchise was common, and there was extensive backing for the Constitution, alleging that his evidence contradicts Beards arguments about the lack of democracy and the insubstantial support for the Constitution. According to Brown, since the Founding Fathers upheld the Federal voting system done by indirect representation, the ratification of the Constitution was a democratic process and everyones interests were aptly represente d. Brown further argues that the nature was not merely an economic document in which property was protected but it also tonic safeguards to life and liberty. This rampart of property, Brown adds, is also essential to the protection of the individual and liberty.A close examination of the US Constitution is necessary in order to resolve this conflict as the issue has its precedency in the Constitution itself. The textbook, We The People, states that the charter 2attempts to create a government that would be strong to protect employment and property rights yet weak enough to threaten individual liberty. The statement strengthens Browns contentions that the provisions governing the protection of property are significant parts of the constitution. The Constitution also emphasizes that that the framers, 3feared the call of equality which could result to equal allocation of property, and consequently violate the freedom of property owners. Although Beard is right with his assertions that the economic interests of the framers and those who represented the public were effrontery utmost importance, the focus on economic interests and rights to property as well as protection of those rights fortified individual freedom. It is also important to note that these economic interpretations of the

College Education and The Economy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

College Education and The Economy - Essay ExampleHowever, this case shows a situation where the submit of college upbringing does not decrease despite the drastic increase in the charge fees.As mentioned, the increase in tuition fee is expected to discourage the shoot for college education for virtually people in the economy. This would portray a free market economy where prices determine the crave. However, the students in involve of education have various expectations about their future scotch status and career prospects. Consequently, the students observe their education based on prospective future gain in labor and wages. This is considered as the future economic rewards to education (Samuelson & Marks, 2012). Therefore, its demand increases influencing the enrollment in various colleges across the country. As a result, the increase in the price of college education over the last 30 years in the U.S has not affected the demand for the education from the high school gradua tes and nationwide college enrollments.The U.S government does not abide its citizens education directly. Instead, it provides its support through the provision of loans and grants to the students over the period of four years for a standard degree course. aft(prenominal) the completion of the college education, the former students are required to repay the loans extended to them at a given subsidised interest rate. As a result, the U.S government does not have control over the patters of change in the college tuition fee.The first graph shows the price of college education against the quantity provided, Q1. The supply of education has remained constant with stripped-down improvements in the existing educational institutions. Therefore, the supply curve is represented by S. the demand curve, D1 shows the present demand for college education. The need for education from the numerous high school graduates has increased its demand. This is indicated by a shift of the demand curve t o the right from D1 to D2. Since the

Unit 4 Case Project Qeustions Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Unit 4 typeface Project Qeustions - Coursework ExampleIn the meeting, they became more anxious about security threats since they had recently noniced prying events occurring on the network. They also told you that another advisor told them they would have to abandon RIP to be able to delectation VLSM. They want a second opinion, so they have hired your company. The company does not expect portentous growth of employees in the next five years, but they are interested in updating its capabilities and ruin secure it.Hogan Enterprises move to Variable-Length Subnet Masks (VLSM) is a great idea. Hogan Enterprises has Routers that support VLSM with RIP v2.VLSM addressing scheme will allow growth, and it does not entail wastage of addresses especially on point-to-point links. VLSMs enable secure control on the addressing scheme. Class C, for example, with default subnet dissemble when used contains 256 addresses in one subnet. VLSM allows adjustment of the subnets and addresses numbe r depending needs of a specific network.VLSM features enable a single autonomous system that integrates networks with several subnet masks. Routing protocols that allow VLSM usage of 30-bit subnet mask for network connections (255.255.255.252) 24-bit mask in user networks (255.255.255.0),or 22-bit mask (255.255.252.0), on networks with a maximum of 1000 users.Hogan Enterprises idea of abandoning RIPv1, for RIPv2, is good despite it macrocosm suitable routing protocol due to its universal compatibility (supported by most IP highroadrs). The protocol has the following limitationsThe consultant was wrong for the advice on leaving RIP, Hogan Enterprises should embrace RIPv2. RIP v2 incorporates prefix routing, that allows it sending subnet data (information) with a route update. It allows use of classless routing whereby different subnets within a given network are able to hire different subnet masks (VLSM).RIPv2

Martha Stewart's Case Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Martha Stewarts Case Analysis - Essay ExampleThe companys stated market is as big as everyone who has a house. The company is shown to have four segments which atomic number 18 divided into three platforms in order to leverage investments. There is the Omnimedia platform which is divided into publishing (focusing on the Martha Stewart Living (MSL) magazine, Martha Stewart Weddings as well as a selection of special interest magazines and books and a naked as a jaybird York Times column) and television (focusing on the Martha Stewart Living television series, From Marthas Kitchen, prime time specials and Christmas events).There is to a fault the OmniMerchandising platform (focusing on Martha Stewart branded lines ranging from the Martha Stewart Everyday line to the Martha Stewart Home line, distributed principally through Kmart and Sears respectively) and the Internet/ devise Commerce platform (focusing on Martha by Mail catalog and the marthastewart.com website). Stewart herself is the driving force behind the company, maintaining control over the company following privatization with 60% control of shares and 96% control of votes. She maintains close relationships with her female predominate board of directors while her family also play an important role in the business.The root problem of the overcompensate is that it is difficult to assess the value and long term future of a company which is based just about a personality. This is because the company could be seriously adversely affected by a change in public opinion with regards to Martha Stewart herself. This problem exists because the company has become a personality led brand. It is therefore highly difficult to predict how public opinion will react to the personality in the future if their perceive strengths are threatened. Examples in the case study include criticisms of Stewart as being difficult to work with, as setting unreasonably

Arguments for and against capitalization of all leases Essay

Arguments for and against capitalization of all leases - Essay ExampleInternational Accounting Standards no. 17 states that a lease may qualify either as a capital lease or operational lease (http//www.ifrsclass.com/gaap/ias/ias-17.htm). Under capital lease, all the risks and rewards are transferred to the lessee. To resolve the differences between the two external accounting lastards, both accounting boards agreed to meet to come up with a common stand on capital lease accounting scheduled in 2011. (Kirk 2005 85). The device to capitalize all leases should non be implemented.The proposal to implement the capitalization of all leases should not be implemented. Capitalization entails possessorship. Capitalization federal agency that the friendship has to depreciation the assets. Thus, it would be illogical to implement the proposal to capitalize all leases. The new proposal states that operating leases should be capitalized. Under the current accounting environment, there are m inimum guidelines to be followed forward a lease is capitalized. A lease that does not qualify as capital lease is save as an operating lease. This is illogical because the lessee is just renting (borrowing) the premises and is not buying.Under the capital lease, the lessee arsehole include the capital lease asset as part of ones total assets. This lead create a better financial picture of the company when compared to not having the leased property capitalized. Second, the company can use the capitalized assets as collateral for the processing of the companys new long edge loans. The banks will scrutinize the financial statements to determine if there are enough assets to cover for possible escape of loans or other payables (Elliot & Elliot). This would be illogical because the company does not own the building or facilities rented.Further, the lessee becomes the owner of the property after fulfilling the requirements set forth under International

Debates Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Debates - Essay ExampleHowever, Obama ensures to get Israel, secure religious minorities and feminines, and foster the economy. He also supplemented that Syria essential be dissolved through ensuring that their allies are strong, but that does not mean armament provisions. Moreover, both agreed in the case of the insisted Egyptian President Mubarak Go (Nate).Romneys perspectives on Americas role in the world are simply the leader of all nations to promote peace. That is possible by fostering the economy of the country, and supporting their allies. He depicted that there are uncertainties that may occur, and being nimble through firm troops is the best approach to combat against unexpected military forces that might glide path the US. Obama notes that the US has been reconstructing the economy through employee retention, strengthening automaker industry, and decreasing the cost of oil imports (Third presidential Debate).Romney believes that Afghanistan can recover through the aid of the US, only if Afghans can meet their benchmarks. However, Obama utters about fault its focus on Afghanistan after the closure of war in Iraq. Both concord agreed that, by 2014, Afghanistan can be ready. Furthermore, Romney describes that the US should negotiate with Pakistan not to commence a war against Afghanistan. They both have agreed to promote annihilation of extremism through leveraging corrupt officials in the government (Nate).Moreover, if Israel is attacked, the US should secure Israel. Romney says that Iran cannot utilize nuclear weapon. Obama says Iranian navy cannot come into the US docks. Both of them have concurred on this--that utilizing military forces is the final resort. The goal of Obama for Iran is to put an end on its nuclear program thus, they can re-penetrate the international society. Romneys description of Iran is somehow varied, uttering that Iran is a strong nation now,

Should employers be allowed to ask for an employee's social networking Research Paper

Should employers be allowed to ask for an employees social networking information Can an employees Facebook or Twitter activity stir their job Is this fair Necessary - Research Paper ExampleTraditional social networks have expand from a few dozen acquaintances to hundreds of friends, friends of friends, connections and followers (Kelleher, 2009). Employees use of social media websites is a matter of huge repair for some employers, while others ar indifferent to the employees Facebook and Twitter activities. In either case, employers have very belittled control over their employees social media activities. Employers cannot deny the employees right to use these websites. This paper explores this matter from numerous dimensions. complaisant media websites are places of mundane chit chat. They are forums where juniors can interact with their seniors in a comparatively casual way. Sometimes, managers and leaders have a rosy view almost letting their subordinates the freedom to ask them individualised questions or interact with them on an equal level. When a manager gets a friend request from an employee, he/she may not want to accept that, yet he/she half-heartedly accepts the request just to respect his relationship with him/her good. Some employees tend to have separate work and social identities and yet there are others who dont differentiate between the two. This lack of dual identity is not always appreciated by others. Many people are very particular about not discussing business issues international the workplace. When a subordinate or manager does discuss them on Facebook or Twitter, this may be very irritating for the other person. Many employees have been fired in the past for discussing their job related issues on the Facebook and Twitter. Five workers fired for complaining about their jobs on Facebook will go back to work later on the National Labor Relations Board ruled in their favor, affirming workers can safely vent their frustrations abou t the workplace on social networks (Forbes, 2011). This raises challenges for the governing bodies that have to take a lot of criticism both if they decide in favor of the employees or

T-test results Essay Example for Free

T-test results EssayFactors in which remains memory board Exceeded Patrons Expectations. The following t-test of means of opposite groups were significant at the . 01 level Quality of the intersection points, the customer service of the store personnel the variety of merchandise put upings in the store the convenience of going to the store location attractiveness of the packaging the degree to which the fruit espouses subjective rather than artificial the values espoused by the company who sells the product. In all these items, proboscis grass has exceeded the degree of importance abandoned by the respondent on the factor. Body Shop has to take for its symbolical customer service in its stores, eespecial(a)ly since the customer experience in the store forms divulge of the stigmatisation of Body Shop products. An often forgotten facet is the convenience of the store location, which also figured as a factor which exceeded the expectations of patrons. This may again be leveraged on for fool construction. Consistent with the assertions of Kotler (2003), smirch building involves a gamut of interdependent factors, which says everything about what Body Shop represents.This evidently includes the customer service received by the client when inside a Body Shop branch. He moreover asserts that customer service is maybe the most important device for scar building. As this is a factor which has exceeded expectations of Body Shop patrons, it solely needs to maintain this asset to remain war-ridden. Exemplary customer service can breed devotion among its clientele (Kotler 2003). Yet another factor which exceeded the expectations of patrons was the variety of cosmetic offerings by Body Shop.This is especially overcritical in the UK setting since women in Britain argon the highest users of make-up in the whole Europe, about 93% of the macrocosm (Ending the Cosmetics 2008). In fact, the sales of cosmetics, toiletries and perfumes rose to 4. 1% from 3. 5%, giving the market a value of 64. 6bn (Montague-Jones 2008). gargantuan secerns in the cosmetics industry dominate the market with LOreal leading the way. Variety is also a concern of the company.Since LOreal took over The Body Shop, the company is judge to stand out as it expands its product range to natural products (Euromonitor International 2008). This is again a facet which they can further leverage on for continued competitive advantage. Packaging is also a strength of Body Shop. It has successfully built a green brand and this is strongly reflective of its natural packaging. The natural packaging of Body Shop logically tells patrons that the product has been made from natural or oganix ingredients.There is some anxiety over the accuracy of natural and organic labelling, although the results of the current research show that Body Shop is not in question. For instance, Paul Lieber, cosmetic chemist, explicit that physically possible for more 30-40% of the ingredients to be organic, unless its organic oil, for the simple reason that conventionally 60-70% of a product is water which cannot be certified organically grown. (Farlow 2006). Because there ar no such accusations of Body Shop products, there packaging and label information are perceived to be authentic and accurate.Moreover, Body Shop is also wary about indicating whether product may cause allerfic reactions. While other rival brands struggle to promote an image of natural and being environmentally friendly, Body Shop has been at the foreland of the race. They always ensure that there is information on the front of the label about the health and pencil eraser of the ingredients inside the package (Farlow 2006). The foremost feature of Body Shop as a busines entity is the appeal of its portentous thrusts or cause.This is attested to by the results of the survey, which suggest that it has exceeded expectations of clients in terms of the quality of their products and its natural appeal. T hese indicate that it has efficaciously used cause branding, an approach in branding where a company supports a cause to be satisfactory to increase profits or to set it apart from competitors (Ivy Cohen Corporate Communications 2007). It has gone into the coalition of such programmes as Avon Breast Cancer Crusade, ConAgra Foods Feeding Children Better Program, Reeboks Human Rights Awards and Rockports physical fitness Walking Program.While promotional activities are there only for the short term, cause marketing forms part of the brand, as a long-term initiative. They gain been successful at making the Body Shop brand tantamount to caring for the environment and for promoting authentically natural products (Evergreen Partners 2005). Moreover, Body Shop has effectively promoted corporate fond responsibility through its various community activities and environmental programmes. These various causes pick up helped spell its solid brand (Evergreen Partners 2005).The values of Body Shop have been instrumental in creating its successful brand, and the results of the current research have supported this. Not only has it been successful at creating a corporate brand, it has also been effective at creating a successful employer brand. VersantWorks (2008) asserts tht with the uptend in new resources such as technology, the core asset of any green light remains to be its manpower. Thus, as Body Shop competes with increasingly effective competitors, its must attract equal key people through its appeal as an employer.It must thus maintain its credible rest among its stakeholders current employees, potential hires, and previous staff about the company as place of work (Harris 2002), as Body Shop being a great place to work. This shall continually instill in them pride in being part of the company, engagement, and belongingness (VersantWorks 2008). This trend of advocating exemplary corporate values for creating an employer brand is expected to continue for Bod y Shop, with its acquisition by LOreal.The latter has in fact been nominated as among the Fast Moving Consumer Goods FMCG Employer of Choice (Employer Profile 2008). It has also been espousing employee development explicitly through its website they likewise offer a secure workplace, performance is given credit, a diverse culture, and where privacy and private life are valued (As An Employer 2008). What makes this strategy work for the company is because LOreal knows who it wanted to hire and focus the HR end to accomplish the task (Klein 2008), something that they are likely to infuse further in Body Shop.Factors which Matched Patrons Expectations. There are no significant differences on the following items brand the degree to which the product is environment friendly and dogmatic feedback garnered from significant others. These suggest that Body Shop has met expectations of the respondents base on the degree of importance they have attached to each factor. Body Shop has matc hed its patrons expectations in terms of being a well known, globally admit brand. Overall, they have not only raised awareness about their products, but have also been able to address the personal needs of their clientele (Lake 2003).They have been able to espouse a character to which the clients have related and associated themselves to (Klein 2008). In total, the opinions and interface of their customers with the Body Shop brand have been positive, and have allowed them to remain competitive (Lake 2003). Still among the reasons for their success if their effectiveness in building a corporate band. Body Shop has created brand loyalty where customers look for products under that company or under the Body Shop brand name (Crystal 2003).To this point, Body Shop continues to leverage on being an environmentally friendly enterprise, which is also one of the factors which matched the expectations of its patrons. Inf act, in collaboration with Adi Maimalaga Tafunai , executive director o f Samoas NGO Women in Business Inc. , the Body Shop was instrumental with the launching of Samoas coconut oil to the world last year. September 2008, through the secretariate of the Pacific Community, will be the launching of the organic standards for the agricultural acquire in the Pacific regions, a cooperative work the NGO and New Zealand and Pacific expertise.Tafunai expresses complying with organic standards is always a study issue especially for agricultural exports and this undertaking will add value to the small quantities of agricultural produce for export (Radio New Zealand International 2008). Moreover, Body Shop promotes other advocacies apart from environmentalist. For example, it has commemorated International Friendship daytime last August 3 by launching their For Me, For You shea butter lip care two-packsa special edition launched late last month on July 28th preservative-free balm retails for $15.All profits from each sale are donated to entities like Alice Hous ing through the Canadian Womens Foundation in support of its cause to help women and children who are victims of domestic violence (Webb-Campbell 2008). The women respondents in the present study have also expressed receiving positive feedback about the Body Shop brand from significant others. These results suggest that women are strongly influenced by reference groups, family, and role and status within the society.Moreover, a reference group could be a unity person or a group of people that an individual consults when developing personal standards (Consumer Behavior 2008). These further indicate that their significant others expectations about Body Shop products have been met as well, and they were strongly influenced to adopt the analogous set of standards (Consumer Behavior Social 2008). For instance officemates or friends show or introduce the latest trend, win over their significant others that this good consequently, purchase is impacted on by this feedback.In addition, H eath and Bryant (2000) suggested that when consumers buy things like cosmetics, they ask friends and family first prior to buying. The information and views expressed by these close relations have as much influence on whether the purchase will be made as the consumers own needs, inclinations and knowledge. much(prenominal) is more applicable when a consumer is uncertan about what to buy in such cases, they are likely to mind what they perceive as socially acceptable, especially by those who are significant to them (Heath Bryant 2000).Factors which Did not Match Patrons Expectations. In contrast, the following factors are those in which Body Shop did not quite meet client expectations based on the degree of importance they have assigned to each competitive price of the product trendiness or fashion sense represented by the product and the sales promotions used for the product. Price, trendiness and sales promotions have to be beefed up further by Body Shop to be able to entice mor e clients and to maintain the loyalty of its patrons.While clients are willing to pay a premium for environmentally friendly products, clients are growing increasingly price-conscious. Moreover, while its popularity cannot be denied, it has still managed to elect a marketing entity to manage its connect marketing programmes in the UK. This suggests that it is still conscious about the need to further promote the products even if it has already gained a niche in the market. It has thus elected TradeDoubler, the pan-European digital marketing company, to exclusively oversee its treat marketing programme in the UK (e-Consultancy 2008).

The novel Of Mice and Men and the characters Crook, Candy and Curlys wife Essay Example for Free

The novel Of Mice and Men and the characters Crook, dulcorate and Curlys married woman EssayDiscuss the theme of bleakness in the novel Of Mice and Men by looking at the characters Crook, Candy and Curlys married womanLoneliness admits an integral role in the novel and it is this theme, which effectively leads to the inevitable ending. Each of the characters work forcetioned in the essay title re-enacts different aspects of the comment loneliness. Hence I will explore the right smart in which Steinbeck epitomises loneliness, using each of these characters.Crooks is depicted as a loner due to his supposed unfortunate predicament of organism born a coon. contempt this term being derogatory, it highlights the immediately mild social stratum that black people occupied in a period whither racism and segregation was prominent. The boss gives him hell when hes madJust because is black, he is at the receiving end of the boss wrath, a white man. Crooks is described by Candy as a expert fella. The contributor is left to assume that the solely Black character mentioned in the story is solitary(a), as the reviewer is al roughly oblivious of his presence. It is but for the initial reference to him and the re-emergence of his character in the middle section of the rule book that the indorser is forced to remember.The idea of loneliness with reference to Crooks character has two explanations. The primary reason for his loneliness is Cause Hes black. Crooks is annihilated due to his race which in the period when the book was written, segregation was rampant. The proof reader learns simply what Crooks feels just near his treatmentI aint compulsioned in the bunkhouse Cause Im black I after ramifyt play cards because Im black. They say I stink.This outburst signifies the loneliness he feels. He is ostracised due to his race and is non allowed to move into in any activities. Unlike the other characters that experience loneliness, the reader feels that h is isolation is the most extreme, as he is black, which automatically relegates him to a low class.The second explanatory for his loneliness is his disability, which evokes a mannequin of loneliness. Crooks has a crooked arse. And so presumably, he does have not much use due to his inability to provide a service. Slim suggest that inability to provide a service cables your uselessnessI wish somebodyd withdraw me if I get old and cripple.Crooks falls into both these categories. As well as being old, he is cripple, therefore shooting him is of no great loss. Crooks annihilation due to his race and forced into a low social stratum he has an equal status as an animal. This is well represented in c chapter four, where the reader learns that Crooks has his bunk in the harness, and what worsens the station is the fact that his actual bunk is make from straw, which is what forms many animals beds. The reader also learns that he has a manure pile in his room. Several references be m ade to his medication, where he owned a range of medicine bottles, both for himself and for the horses. The fact that he uses medication indicates that he a great deal feels pain Now and then he poured a few drops of the liniment into his pink-palmed hand He flexed his muscles against his back and shivered.Crooks is unendingly applying liniment to his back, which may be to ease the pain he feels. He is often in pain and so may not be able to cope with strenuous activities, consequently his uselessness and inevitable isolation. The descriptions utilize with reference to Crooks appearance, may symbolise the suppression he feels from the world.The fact that his body was bent on(p) over to the left by his crooked spine forces the reader to relate this to his bad treatment in life. It may suggest that he has had a rough life and the reader assumes that his injury epitomises the hardship and rejection felt, thus his sub-human status. Steinbeck describes Crooks as having deep black w rinkles. The fact that they are deep is also indicative of the depth of sample that he has endured in life, save we are given no impetus that he has been badly set at the ranch.Lennie in some ways breaks Crooks loneliness, when he intrudes in his room. Although he scowled in response to Lennies infringement the reader feels that his presence is welcomed thus Crooks says, It was difficult for Crooks to stop his pleasure with anger. Crooks becomes more comfortable with the company and the reader delves into his past as he confides with Lennie. The reader pities Crooks attributed to the fact that he views himself as just a nigger talking a busted-black nigger. Crooks indeed pities himself and his predicament. He is lonely as his but true company is himself. Hence, when Lenny tells how he has George, Crooks is in some ways envious of their relationship thus forcing Lennie to con postr a pessimistic situationYou got GeorgeSpose you couldnt go into the bunk-house and play rummy caus e you was black Spose you had to sit out here an read booksBooks aint no good. A guy needs somebody to be near himA guy goes roughened if he aint got zip Dont make no difference who the guy is long as hes with you a guy gets lonely, an he gets sickThe fact that Crooks aint got nobody generalises his reasons for his loneliness. This saddens the reader, as up till promptly he has been forced to withstand this too himself, but his treatment makes him sick. He pours out his inner feelings and the reader appreciates that reading, his most frequent form of communication, is an escapism, but he concludes books aint no good.Lennie relishes in the fact that he and George will own some grease of their own, however Crooks is rather pessimistic. Having seen many aim for a better life and fail, he concludes Nobody gets to heaven, and nobody gets no land. The reader considers Crooks extreme pessimism and concludes that due to his constant disappointment and failure, such improvements are bu t dreams and only exists in their head.However, a glimpse of faith is evident in Crooks character and mayhap a completed dream himself, when almost convinced by Lennies revelation to live on the fatta the lan he respondsIf you guys would want a hand to work for nothingwhy Id come an lend a handThis outburst indicates his eagerness and yet hope for some sort of recognition in life. The fact that this dream seems achievable gives him a shine of hope. For a short while at least his cocoon of isolation seems to be disintegrating It was difficult for Crooks to conceal his pleasure with angerThis narrative indicates that he is content, as he finally has human company, which he shadow interact with. The fact that Guys dont come into a coloured mans room very much indicates that despite the sombreness he has become accustomed to, company is always welcome, after all A guy goes nuts if he aint got nobodyThe partial hope of escaping from his sombreness is probably what gives him enough co urage to say to Curleys wife on her intrusion into his room, Maybe you better go to your own house. Despite it being his own space, Crooks basically relinquishes his non challenging role as a negro and dares to question a white persons authority. Yes, he can dream, but Curleys wife throws reality back in his face when she relegates him back to the terrible protective dignity of a negro. Crooks accepts that he will never be a white persons counterpart and concludes You guys comin in an settin made me forget. What she says is true.Crooks forgot his place as a Nigger and so had reduced himself to nothingnothing to arouse either like or dislike. Crooks is lonely and no one in the story truly understands his predicament. However the reader is forced to conclude, that his annihilation is what retains the fact that he is proud and aloof. When he was on the verge of putting an end to his loneliness, thus confrontingCurley wife, he realised that for a coloured man to have some rights, pu rge if he dont like em., he has to settle for an inferior position in society or face humiliation. Through Crooks loneliness, he retains his pride.In considering Candys loneliness, the reader automatically compares him to that of Crooks. Candys character in the play symbolises the fate of those who are old and disabled. He has the most menial job on the ranch as the swamper and it is primarily because of his disability why he has morose into a self-pitying worker. Although he is lonely, his chase provides him with some sort of comfort. Despite his dog being unaccented, because hes so used to him and had him from a pup he feels some sort of attachment to the dog. The reader is forced to deduce that maybe the dog reflects Candys temperament. Both are old, walk with a limp and could receive the same fate of being killed due to their uselessness. Steinbeck describes the dog asdrag footed sheep dogwith blind old eyes. The dog struggled lamely to the sideThis description shows the re ader, the bad condition of the dog. The reader understands that as well as not walking properly, the dog is blind and its whole existence is a struggle. Carlson describes the dogs condition asGot no teeth Hes all strict with rheumatism. He aint no good to youCandy.Candy and his dog, and Crooks suffer a similar fate, as all of them are retired and so are of no use, as they can not carry out service jobs. Candy is attached to the dog. The fact that the dog is a reflection of himself, initially a hard worker, but now cripple to due his hard work killing it would mean he deserves to be killed also, as both have passed their usefulness. When Candy is forced to put the dog down, through Steinbecks descriptions, the reader realises how much the dog actually means to himhe subdued the hand with the other and held it down he rolled over and face up the wall and lay silentThis is rather a sombre description. It underlines the fact that by killing the dog, his only long-term companion, mean s a part of him would be missing. Hence when he shares in Lennies and Georges dream he somehow feels rejuvenated. Candy shows interest in their dream as by being a part of it, it entitles him to have a future outside of the ranch and some human company. He would no daylong have to be subservient to anybody, thus he would not receive the same fate as those who are in the same predicament as himself. It is interesting to note that he finds out about their dream while he would normally be alone, but for Lennies and Georges presence.Many people who are lonely thrive on gossip, as this is a means of escaping their own dismal life and delving into the life of soul elses, often more interesting than their own. This is so for Candy who is described as warming to his gossip. He speaks about Curley and even refers to his wife as a tart, yet the reader observes how inferior he actually is, when Curleys wife calls him a lousy ol sheep. Candy does tell Curleys wife what he thinks of her, but h e realises that -Nobody d listen to us. In society, he is insignificant and thus his loneliness.Curleys wife experiences a unique form of loneliness. From an early stage in the book, the reader regards Curleys wife as that of a sex symbol. Throughout the story she is never named, but the reader only considers her as a tart, purty and a looloo.Glove fulla vaselineThis refers to Curley who actually degrades his wife openly, by the display of this informal connotation. Due to this derogatory act, it is no surprise to the reader that she is lonely. She is thought of as an object, not a person. She is not appreciated for her talent although according to her she could of went with shows because of it. While Curley is out enjoying himself she is left talking to a bunch of bindle stiffs.The reader knows she is lonely, through her constant search for attention. Through exploiting her sexual practice does she try to conceal her loneliness hence, she flirts with Slim and constantly wanders a round the men the ranch. It is interesting to note, that her only defence to Crooks when he asks her to come out of his room, is to threaten him with dishonour charges. The fact that she is lonely, she knows nothing else but to exploit her sexuality again. She is very shallowCurleys wife actually admits I get lonely I cant talk to nobody but Curley. This is why she is constantly want attention. When Lennie says he is not supposed to talk to her she questions angrily Whats the matter with me?. Again she uses this opportunity to tell Lennie about the dreams that she had. She becomes so comfortable speaking with Lennie that it is this which leads to her death. She is so willing to poor out her heart, her disappointment and the fact that she is lonely, that Lennie gets attached.It is her sexuality which causes her death. She confides in Lennie admitting that she don like Curley. So when Lennie starts to stroke her hair she does not mind initially, but this sexy act is what leads to her death. Lennie kills her involuntarily yet this fate was inevitable.Each of these characters experienced their own forms of loneliness. It is quite interesting to note that each of the characters all end up in the same room, having been left out of the other activities which the men are indulging in Crooks because he is black, old and cripple, Candy because he is old and disabled and Curleys wife as she is thought of as a sex object, not a person. Although she asks herself, An what am I doin? Staindin here a nigger an a lousy ol sheep. Yet she answers her own question when she says, They left all the weak ones here. She actually does belong there as all characters are lonely in some way or another and have been excluded from the activities of the ranch. Is it not fair that they comfort each other? The reader understands that this is not possible, as they are not compatible with each other due to their different predicaments.

Innovative Practices in Education Essay Example for Free

Innovative Practices in breeding EssayIntroductionThe word innovation is derived from Latin word innovargon, which means to c atomic number 18en something to new. In opposite words, we may say that innovation means changing the regular way of doing things and involves doing the regular things in a novel way. The part of a teacher in present context has remarkably changed because of the divers(a) factors such as social, cultural, economic and engineering science developments across the globe. Teachers in todays era mustiness be innovative, imaginative, and resourceful and have thorough knowledge of the subject and adopt new techniques to teach innovatively. J. Krishnamurthy1 inform, in the KRISHNAMURTHI FOUNDATION INDIA (KFI) schools as opposed to other regular schools was said to be different and hence the re awaiter picked up these schools to ponder what and how innovatively the students argon taught. KFI schools come under the genre of alternative schools. An alterna tive school is an pedagogyal setting designed to accommodate educational, carriageal, and/or medical needs of children and adolescents that cannot be adequately addressed in a traditional school environment.2 Its unique features atomic number 18 as followsAlternative schools have a sm entirely number of students, maximum 200 in the blameless school .Not more than 15-25 kids in a severaliseChildren are allowed to learn the basic skills of reading and writing at their own pace. at that fructify is little or no internal hierarchy in alternative schools. Excellent teacher pupil relationship .Family atmosphereThere is an inherent spirit of cooperation with self discipline.Uniqueness of each child is nurtured.The air is essentially fluid and informal.There is no uniform.KFI schools are not just about transference of ideas or facts in books, but is also about feeling the earth, watching the sunset, listening to the birds, seeing the colours of the leaves change in the different sea sons and observing nature in its many colours, forms and shapes, in reality and this has shaped the entire structure of the school habitationd on the ideology of Jiddu Krishnamurthy.3 Methodology of the StudyNormative prospect along with participant observation was apply in the present research as it was a soft research .Qualitative research seeks out the why, not the how of the topic.3( Yang.W.E, 1997) Data Collection ToolsActual learn to the school and interaction with the teacher, students and principals through interview and questionnaire techniques and actual participation in school activities. The tools used wereaudienceParticipant ObservationDocument analysisLearning the KFI way a few insightsClasses are not only about completing the content but also about understanding the content with this center of attention understanding every teacher at the school de full termines to use innovative instruct practices in markerroom training. The term innovative is used to descr ibe the combination of the three teaching practices in these schools Student revolve about pedagogy Taking the attainment beyond the classroomGiving importance to personal relationships apart from the academic subject matter. These learning environments strive to cultivate a sense of lodge and belonging, and qualities of safety, respect, caring, and even love amongst the students .The term innovative in the context of this research describes combining these practices with technology i.e use of ICT( information communication technology ) in class room teaching. Student-centered pedagogy includes practices of teaching and learning that are project-based, collaborative, foster knowledge-building, require self-regulation and assessment, and are both personalized (allowing for student choice and relevance to the individual student) as well as secernate (allowing students to spend a penny at their own pace) and fit to their particular learning needs. Each of these elements has a stro ng base of prior research, linking them to po rallyive outcomes in terms of developing skills among students.4 Hence these are techniques in which they learn to ideate for themselves, and develop the ability to deal clear logical arguments, and deal with complex ethical issues.Students enjoy jibe intellectual freedom, and unfettered interaction with other students and adults.1. Autonomous learning is a unique innovative technique which is actively implemented in the academic transaction process. It implies gradual switch from traditional teacher-centered studies to a self-learning process, when students are enthroned in such conditions where they are to employ their critical thinking, creativity, collaboration and communication skills in sum to the problem-solving skills that will make them experts on a subject studied through project- work, group work etc. For Example- A project on garbage disposal in class V was given to make them learn about environment and sustainability.2 . Cooperative learning directed towards focusing on students team work while doing their project assignments.3. Task-based approach to learning, which requires using learning situations and tasks that do not make students merely procreate the knowledge acquired, but also stimulate their creativity in order to find new master key answers to unconventional tasks. For lawsuit- growing flowers in the school compound to teach students of class VII, about seasonal flowers, types of defect and usage of organic fertilisers. Another e.g- Selling organic compost and making m maveny running a small business annually for class X th students to teach them about selling and put on in economics.4. Moving outside(a) the class This teaching practice refers to learning activities that include learning in nature and beyond the traditional boundaries of the classroom, and also by providing opportunities for 24/7 learning (for example, research outside the classroom), fostering cross-subject conne ctions, and promoting global awareness and cultural understanding. For example seeing the actual working of a venus-fly pin down plant grown in the campus to teach about carnivorous plants.5. Story- based learning This method, called story-based learning, aims to encourage students to study various core subjects and be curious enough to find the answers by themselves. One reason behind(predicate) this learning design is to help students to comprehend the variety and interconnectedness of real life and equip them with the properly mindset and solutions.5 For example- The high-school students learnt a story about spices and ships, which would bring students into studying the history, agriculture, business, politics, culture and international flip of the East India Company in class VIII. 6. Workshops including interactive lectures, presentations, individual assignments, puppet making, independent and self-learning activities during practical classes and seminars, region plays an d simulations, case-studies, individual and team projects, holding master-classes and workshops. 7. Extensive use of tape recorder, e-book, graphics, pictures, charts in daily8. Blogs A schoolroom outside the classroom Blog is derived from weblog. It is a diary or regular opinion columns posted on the internet. In blog, the deliverr posts diary entry which others can read and comments on it.Web-blogging is used in dickens main ways in teaching. Firstly, students are encouraged to write and post their blogs. If students are learning to write journals or engaged in other form of extensive writing in the classroom, is the right place to check their ability of writing. second, the teacher writes the main blog entries, which students can then comment on. They send assignments or projects to students on the taught topics, by which students can complete the work and send it back to teachers. So the blog encourages teaching outside the classroom.8. Role playing- For example, while teach ing accounts the role of accountant can be explained by role playing technique. Invoice and bills can be given to students and asked them to assume the role of accountant. Here the real entries pertaining to proceedings are make by the student and this is more practical approach to teaching where theory is supplemented by proper practical knowledge.9.Wiki- A wiki is a web based platform for collaborative writing. It is used in spite of appearance a private domain as well as earth domain for writing together. The significant feature of wikis is particularly used for delivery learning which is record of all drafts. Students and teachers work on it collaboratively. An example of a private wiki used for language learning was used in KFI school-based project to produce a school newsletter for parents within the public domain. Students can be asked to be collaborative as class to produce a Wikipedia entry because such projects help to promote team-spirit and increase motivation, empo wer students to construct knowledge, and change them to learn new things in an interesting, stress-free way. To keep up with the educational expectations of todays youth, were called on to use innovative teaching techniques.Where resources and training programs arent available to keep pace with our growing technological expansion, methods must be developed and used that involve active learning without depending on high technology. Simulations, games, and role playing are viable alternatives for learning about and experiencing real-life situations. 10. Innovative evaluation- the 360 0 approach- Teachers makeup- Students progress is assessed systematically and continuously. Evaluation is comprehensive, non-comparative and points to possibilities for growth are given to each and every student. Parents receive reports twice a year. Parents report- However, in the calendar month of September parents send a report to school on their children based on the observation do at home.How he/s he behaves at home, his/her eating habits, behaviour with siblings etc anything extra that the parent wants to tell is also welcomed. This report facilitates a joint awareness and understanding of the child by the school and home. Students take formal examinations from class VIII onwards and all the teachers seem to support it completely because they feel students have to take the public examinations at the end of Tenth and Twelfth standard. 11. Meditation assemblies- Every morning there are abstract assemblies for the Junior and Senior sections, apart from this every school has me time in which the children and the staff sit all by themselves being in belt up and think about the day ahead.It is easier said than done to sit in silence for 15 minutes because as Krishnamurthi says, Only a mind in silence and stability is a mind that can learn anything.or even teach anything 4 Hence this meditation time is important for both the kids and the teachers and there is no fixed way of me ditation. The only requirement is that one should sit in silence. Sometimes in the evenings guided meditations are also held for the senior students who want to come. It is a voluntary thing and no one is forced to do so. It is an important innovative technique in teaching self- inquiry and introspection to the students. There is no punishment system, only talking, counselling and understanding that takes place if someone makes a mistake.ConclusionsThis holistic education is usually characterized by several core qualities. First, it encourages experiential learning. Secondly there is more discussion, questioning, experimentation, and active engagement in a holistic learning environment. Thirdly, personal relationships are considered to be as important as academic subject matter. These learning environments strive to cultivate a sense of community and belonging, and qualities of safety, respect, caring, and even love.These innovative techniques are practiced in diverse ways in altern ative schools like KFI that provide a carefully designed, multiage prepared environment that encourages children to explore ,experiment and learn according to their own pace and interests. It is possible, however, that these certain universal features of the KFI schools can easily be shared with, and developed by, other schools like the non-formal working environment and child-based, student-centric project aided learning which doesnt require too such(prenominal) training or infrastructure , just a willingness to experiment and innovate on the part of the teacher. In many respects it is like a traditional school children take board exams, have a curriculum and timetable etc. But what makes them special and effective are the teachers and their passion for teaching, their innovative methods of teaching, the fearless and joyful interaction among teachers and students. The board results of such schools were better than the regular schools in their area but the stress experienced by th e students, teachers and parents was comparatively much less, as what came out from the interviews and observation of the students and data analysis.RecommendationsFrom the insights gained in innovative teaching and its impact on the teaching learning process, the researcher would like to make certain recommendations for other schools as well. a.Schools therefore need to emphasize on those aspects of learning which would help children to self-observe and reflect find ways to search for knowledge instead of memorizing only. b.The project approach in teaching is inter-disciplinary, integrates arts, music, dance, yoga, meditation in the curriculum and leads to validating learning. c.This is accomplished through evolutionary syllabi that emerge out of the needs of students and can be easily made by the subject teacher and head of the institution. d.The students are independent, responsible and confident of their learning. e.In line with J.Krishnamurthys philosophy, teachers lay emphasi s on collaborative learning and team work. f.The teachers role is that of a facilitator, a generalist. g.The teaching style is informal, participative, democratic and illuminative. h.The teacher is a learner too.i.Meditation and yoga has definite positive outcomes on the behavior of students and also their ability to learn. Hence it should be encouraged by all schools. j.This holistic and innovative education in KFI schools is usually characterized by experiential learning. k.Secondly there is more discussion, questioning, experimentation, and active engagement in a holistic learning environment leading to overall personality development. l.Thirdly, personal relationships are considered to be as important as academic subject matter. These learning environments strive to cultivate a sense of community and belonging, and qualities of safety, respect, caring, and even love amongst students and teachers.References 1. Bax,S.(2003). The end of old age teaching A New Approach to procreati on and Laerning. ELT journal, 57, 278-287. 2. Alternative School, http//www.healthofchildren.com/A/Alternative-School.htmlixzz2BQfZSoIf 3. Martin, Donald W. (1975) An Analysis of Selected Works of JidduKrishnamurti Implications for Higher Education University of Cincinnati, Ohio (U.S.A.), research paper. 4. Gefter, A., Living online This is your space, New Scientist 2569 (2006) 46-48. 5. Gupta Deepti, 2005. ELT in India A Brief and Current overview, Asian EFL Journal Volume 7. Issue 1, Article 12. Bibliography1. Nunan David (1991) Communicative tasks and the language curriculum. TESOL, Quarterly 25(2), 279-295. 2. OGrady, William, Michael Dabrovolsky, and Mark Aronoff. 1993. Contemporary linguistics An Introduction. New York St.Martins Press. 3. Pahuja N.P. Teaching of English, Anmol Publications Pvt.Ltd, New Delhi 1995. 4. Prensky, M., digital nayives, digital immigrants, On the Horizon 9.5 (2001). 5. Thelwall, M., MySpace, Facebook, Bebo Social networking students, Association of Learning Technology Online Newsletter 11 (2008). 6. Vyas A. Manish and Patel L. yogesh Teaching innovatively A new Pedagogy for a New Century. PHI Learning Pvt Ltd. New Delhi (200

Quality Associates Essay Example for Free

Quality Associates EssayQuality Associates, a consulting firm, advises its clients about sampling and statistical procedures that can be used to control their manufacturing processes. In particular application, a client gave Quality Associates a take in of 800 observations taken during a time in which that clients process was operating satisfactorily.The sample threadb be deviation for these data was 0.21 hence with so much data, the population standard deviation was fabricated to be 0.21. Quality Associates then suggested that random samples of size 30 be taken periodically to monitoring device the process on an ongoing basis. By analyzing news samples, the client could quickly learn whether the process was surgical process satisfactorily.When the process was not unconscious process satisfactorily, corrective action could be taken to eliminate the problem. The design precondition indicated the mean for the process should be 12. The hypothesis test suggested by Quality As sociates follows. Corrective action ordain be taken any time is rejected.The dataset Quality.sav contains each of four samples, each of size 30, collected at hourly intervals during the first day of operation of the new statistical control procedure. Managerial report1. drive a hypothesis test for each sample at the 0.01 level of logical implication and determine what action, if any, should be taken. Provide the test statistic and the p-value for each test.2. Compute the standard deviation for each of the four samples. Does the assumption of 0.21 for the standard deviation appear reasonable?3. Compute limits for the sample mean around such that, as recollective as, a new sample mean is within those limits, the process will be considered to be operation satisfactorily. If exceeds the upper limit or if below lower limit, corrective action will be taken. These limits are referred to as upper and lower control limits for quality purposes.4. Discuss the implications of changing the level of significance () to a larger value. What mistakes or error (type I or type II error) could increase if the level of significance is increased?

Professional Development of Nursing Professionals Essay Example for Free

Professional Development of breast feeding Professionals attemptIn this day and age when medicine becomes more technological and industry driven, breast feeding needs to amaze its new role in the rapidly transforming health contend system. In 2010 the Institute of Medicine (IOM) published proposals somewhat remodeling of nursing in the U.S. The Future of Nursing Leading Change, Advancing Health. This key out points out to the need for substitutes in education, expanding practice, and demonstrating lead in nursing. This modification will have a strong effect on the nursing in proximo and will contribute to changes of scope and standards of practice. clash of the IOM Report on Nursing teaching methodIn regards to nursing education IOM report proclaim, treats should achieve higher levels of education and training through amend education system that promotes seamless academic progression. (IOM Report, 2010). Today healthcare system is go on rapidly and requires from onl y caregivers to improve their knowledge and specialization. The training and education that was given in the past to the nurses does not satisfy the demands of modernistic days and need to changed dramatically to allow them to keep up with rapidly changing scope of todays medicine. Nowadays, ever-growing complexity of tolerants demands from nurses to achieve a higher level of education in order to deliver a higher-quality diligent care. To achieve this determination nursing schools have to develop new educational model, that provide competencies in finding making, quality improvement, systematic thinking, and team leadership.Another recommendation that IOM repot promotes to raise the proportion of BSN graduates among of the nurses to 80% by the end of 2020 (IOM, 2010). An increase in the percentage of nurses with a bachelor degree would help to manage a challenging and increasingly diverse healthcare environment.Impact of the IOM Report on Practice, Particularly in chief(a) c areNowadays, the health care system starts to focus on the new ways to provide patient-centered care by delivering more primary care and working on education of communities by promoting disease ginmill and healthy lifestyles. Nurses now qualified to provide these services, since they have enough scientific knowledge and training. Regrettably, however this welcomed change is hindered by various restrictions coming from outdated policies and rules. These restrictions prevent nurses to deliver services to the patient and community in the full capacity. The IOM report advice to redesign the roles of nurses to satisfy the need for improved and safe service to the public. The report overly advised to revise the outdated standards of practice and eliminate the obstacles to maximize the contribution to the community that nurses can make.Impact of the IOM Report on Nursing Role as a LeaderPublic is not apply to seeing the nurse as a leader, mostly because of historical and rather stereoty ped role of a nurse as a physician extender. However, in a constantly changing climate of a healthcare reform and increasing power of entities such as insurance companies, nurses cannot stay passive all longer if they want to address to be relevant. Because nurses have regular and close proximity to patients and scientific collar of care processes across the continuum of care, they have a unique ability to act as partners with other health professionals and to lead in the improvement and redesign of the health care system and its many practice environments, including hospitals, schools, homes. states in IOM recommendation. A unique nurses role as a patient advocate combined with a stronger leadership role that they ought to embrace is indispensible in order to form new health care policies that put patient in the center of the discussion.Changing Your Practice to Meet the Goals of the IOM ReportAnother key point of IOM report is to promote a high level education in the nursing. I am working toward achieving my goal and receiving Bachelor degree in nursing. Im an operating nurse with more than fifteen historic period of an experience. Over many years of my practice I have achieved a high level of readiness in many different areas of my profession. Now looking back I have a re-create appreciation to all the nursing educators that trained me so well and equipped me with tools to strife for continued self-improvement. I feel that now is my turn to pass on the torch and make sure that the future extension of nurses with rip from my experience and knowledge.Current concerning trend in the nursing is an acute deficiency in experient locally educated nurses. As stated by the American Association of Colleges of Nursing, U.S. nursing schools turned by 78,089 qualified applicants from baccalaureate and graduate nursing programs in 2013 due to an insufficient number of faculty, (AACN, 2014). I in full intend to use my BSN education to embark on the difficult role as a nurse educator initially on my workplace and possibly later in a nursing academic institutionIn summary, an academic nursing education is an important evolution in my profession since it equips me with knowledge, skills and tools to continue to provide better patient care in safer environment, take part in shaping future health care policies and pass on my knowledge in an efficient way.ReferencesAmerican Association of Colleges of Nursing (AACN). (2014). Nursing Faculty Shortage. Washington, DC Retrieved from http//www.aacn.nche.edu/media-relations/fact-sheets/nursing-faculty-shortage Institute of Medicine of the National Academies (IOM). (2010). The future of nursing Leading change, advancing health. Retrieved from http//iom.edu/Reports/2010/The-Future-of-Nursing-Leading-Change-Advancing-Health.aspx

Adults with Learning Disabilities Essay Example for Free

Adults with Learning Disabilities screenThe discourse of schooling disabilities is now creation used to challenge a wide pasture of acts and practices, including effect and intimidation, non-consenting sexual acts, the bullying of slight resilient people by more(prenominal) than able service users, unacceptably deprived physical or cordial environments and financial exploitation or fraud. Some argue that it should hold all abuses of human rights.Clearly, these issues ar non new as the following essay illustrates, and historically just ab away of these practices lease been hidden inside service cultures while others countenance been quite open but diversely rationalized as behavior modification, family relationships, control and restraint, or not giving in to solicitude examineking. Abuse was regarded as a central, and inevitable, feature of institutionalized provision in influential models much(prenominal) as that of Goffman (1961) and Wolfensberger (1975 an d 1980) within an analysis whose focus was on organizations and ideology.The new discourse is much more undividedize and within it the focus is on the experience of the victim. This has nearly advantages for exclusives and highlights some dilemmas for service organizations. It makes clear that people with acquire disabilities are harmed, as any somebody would be, by personal or sexual violence or exploitation. Harm is deemed equivalent whoever has beard it, for example whether it has been perpetrated by some other service user, a member of staff or a stranger.This way of framing harmful acts highlights conflicts of interest between service users the discourse of challenging behavior for example, designed to neutralize the stigma of challenging behavior, inadvertently deflects from and discounts the experience of those on the receiving end of unmanageable behavior. label these acts as abusive confronts service agencies with the need for specialized, safe (expensive) placeme nts for those who present a risk to others.Men with attainment disabilities who render difficult sexual behaviors, for example, are oft placed alongside very vulnerable people, their needs for asylum taking precedence over the safety of more vulnerable people (Thompson and Brown 1998). besides while this ac intimacyment is a step forward for individuals ,the new discourse risks personalizing forms of mistreatment that arise out of friendly and structural inequalities. At an individual level, when issues of power are overlooked or neutralized, abusive and exploitative interactions laughingstock be explained away as relationships of choice.At a service level, new fault-lines between agencies and between purchasers, providers and regulators fare up contingencies that make abuse more likely and less visible. At a societal level, at that place is growing inequality between the pay and working conditions of vierial, professional and so-called unqualified staff within and across the statutory, private (for-profit) and voluntary (not-for-profit) sectors. Gender and race exacerbate the unequal position of direct tutorship staff and the disproportionate responsibility that falls on them. This paper divides into two parts.First, I shall review the underway usage of the confines instruction disabilities, looking at how it is being defined and categorized. Second, I will outline what is emerging as substantially practice in this line of business. WHAT DOES A LEARNING DISABILITY LOOK resembling? Let me explain this with an exaomple Saras lifelong difficulty with reading and writing had nothing to do with not being smart. Most individuals who confuse a learning disability are of average to above average tidings and therefore have the intellectual potential to succeed at school and in careers. But they often do not reach this potential. charm political campaign and motivation are important for success, it is clearly inequitable to say of someone with a l earning disability that he or she just needs to soften harder. No matter how hard Sara worked, her problems did not go away. We know that a learning disability is caused by specific dysfunction within the central nervous system. The central nervous system, made up of the reason and the spinal cord, controls everything we do our ability to go and think about language and to express ourselves verbally, as headspring as our ability to process nonverbal selective nurture, including art or music.Saras symptoms included reversing or rotating numbers (6 for 9), letter (b for dp for q), and boys (was for saw on for no) when writing omitting letters and sounds and making sound and word substitutions when reading (tril for trialthen for there). Such problems make it difficult to decode words, and these decoding errors are easily-nigh evident when reading aloud. Though never diagnosed, Saras symptoms became evident in first grade, when formal reading direction began. As we learn to r ead we must of course master the alphabet, which is like a code, and learn the relationship between letters and sounds. construe is a process of decoding the clusters of letters, converting them into words, and then attaching meaning to the words. In galore(postnominal) cases, problems with phonological processing the ability to receive, transform, remember, and retrieve the sounds of oral language interfere with the acquisition of reading skills. phonological processing involves the ability to separate a word into its component parts or blend sounds to build a word. Problems with these skills make it very hard for the beginning ratifier to achieve fluency.Comprehension of written stuff depends on accurate and fluent decoding, a good vocabulary, and comprehension of the grammatical structure of sentences. When these skills are not developed that is, when they are slow and labored the reader must devote more energy and effort to identifying and comprehending each individual word , rather than constructing meaning from an entire paragraph or from general context. For many years, researchers believed that the reader automatically moved from reading the words on a page to comprehending, without participating in the process of constructing meaning.But recent research points to the fact that the reader plays an active role using background knowledge about the subject, calling on appropriate strategies for both decoding and comprehension, and employing the right amount of attention and concentration. Reading strategies are now considered essential components of the reading process. These might include paraphrasing while reading or summarizing afterwards to serve well with comprehension. Competent readers are able to evaluate the reading task and select strategies that are a good fit or match to the task.In Saras case, she read slowly and had to reread material several(prenominal) times, so she undercoat it difficult to comprehend content or recall important f acts when questioned about them later. contrary good readers, she did not rely on strategies that could help her. She also struggled with writing. Many times she was ashamed to store patient disciplines because she knew they were filled with spelling, punctuation, and grammatical errors and were not organized or structured well. Her reports never reflected her knowledge or keen insight into patient care.Writing problems provoke be correspondn at any age, although they become more evident as academic or work demands increase. While Sara knew what she wanted to say, she had trouble getting started, pore on the essential facts, and editing effectively. She tended to use the same words over and over. This was so different from her verbalize language, which was rich and varied. Not surprisingly, it took her a long time and a good deal of effort to peg her reports. Her mathematical skills, though, were more than adequate.But there are people with learning disabilities who have pr oblems arrangement mathematical concepts or difficulty solving verbal or written mathematical problems. These problems may stem from more than one source, including inadequate spatial or directional sense and difficulty ensureing abstract symbols or the language of mathematics. To use a basic example, someone who does not have a good understanding of concepts such as plus and minus is going to find it hard to identify the process undeniable to elaborate a mathematical problem. Learning strategies will be of great help to this person.Sara was also luxuriant by her erratic deed at work. Some days, she would be fine. But when she was fatigued or stressed, she found her attention was poor and she made more than the usual number of errors. At these times, she did not feel in control and usually needed to take a break and call on the support of friends to help her get back on track. While Sara felt her social life to be strength, some individuals who have learning disabilities hav e difficulty in social situations because they cannot perceive others needs and make or keep up friends.Relationships with family and friends and associates on the job may suffer. As a way of compensating, an individual may avoid social situations altogether and thus become isolated. separates may struggle with low self-esteem and a lack of assertiveness, which can lead to self-fulfilling prophecies of discontinueure. Moreover, repeated negative experiences in school and at theatre can discourage an individual from even trying. Many individuals who have learning disabilities have difficulty excogitatening ahead and then evaluating their performance in academic courses or work-related tasks. plan involves the ability to determine the outlines of a task and the skills it will require. Planning helps us generate strategies or know when to ask for outside help. We are not always certain of initiating this type of planning because so many tasks are performed automatically, such as remembering a a great deal called phone number by using a mnemonic, or writing notes in a daybook or on a memo. But when tasks are new or complex, active planning is needed. Other learning problems may stem from an inability to manage ones time effectively to get something done on schedule.For example, many college students do not leave sufficient time to research and write a term paper, and end up frantically completing it the night before it is due. Or a manager may delay writing a budget or marketing report, finding it hard to begin. In enjoin to use strategies at school, at home, or on the job, we need to be aware of ourselves as learners. Researchers have suggested that each of us has our own built-in executive function that directs and controls our actions. If this executive is efficient and aware of individual skills and the strategies needed to accomplish a task, the appropriate plan of action can be put into effect.If the plan is unsuccessful, then the executive reevalua tes and initiates a new course of action. Individuals who have learning disabilities have a less efficient executive, the theory goes, and are therefore less able to generate and use effective strategies in their personal and professional lives. In addition to learning disabilities, a large number of adults suffer from attention-deficit/hyperactivity roughness (ADHD). ADHD affects an individuals ability to focus and concentrate on school or work tasks, and to make good use of strategies. The struggle to achieve is so much harder with the added burden of ADHD.Although external factors do not cause a learning disability, we know that they do play a significant role in learning. It is well documented that the environment we live and work in influences and helps to shape our learning patterns, behavior, and sense of self. Research has consistently shown that the type and quality of support provided both at school and within the home are unvoiced determinants of success in school, at w ork, or in ones personal life. For example, a supportive family, early naming of learning problems, and appropriate intervention may make all the difference in helping an individual buy off for the disability.Learning disabilities are found throughout the world and in all socioeconomic groups they are not bound by culture or language. Approximately the same numbers of males as females have learning disabilities, and the problem tends to run in families. Many prominent figures in politics, science, and the arts are describe to have had a learning disability, among them Nelson Rockefeller, Winston Churchill, Albert Einstein, Thomas Edison, and Auguste Rodin. Einstein, for example, was described as having difficulty learning a unknown language and mathematics of all thingsHe also struggled with other academic subjects and with writing. All adults face the challenges and rewards of employment, home and family, leisure pursuits, community involvement, emotional and physical health, and personal responsibility and relationships. Adults who have learning disabilities must manage these life demands with an added set of problems. Society expresss adults to be self-supporting, to function within a community, and to exhibit appropriate social behavior. Typically, to be self-supporting one must be employed. Employment for most adults spans a long occlusion of time.It may begin with the exit from high school and continue for fifty or more years. While research on the employment of adults who have learning disabilities is sparse, and the findings that are available reflect the heterogeneity of the population, the information reported is unfortunately discouraging. It suggests that individuals with learning disabilities, as a group, show higher rates of unemployment, have jobs of light status, receive lower pay, and change jobs more frequently than those without learning disabilities. Of course, there are many individuals at all levels of the workforce who do attain professional success.Further, there are well-documented accounts of persons with learning disabilities throughout archives who have made significant contributions to society, among the most notable being Einstein, Edison, Churchill, and Rockefeller. It is important to keep in perspicacity that adults who have learning disabilities who have above average intelligence, come from middle to higher economic backgrounds, and/or have completed postsecondary education, have higher rates of employment, higher job status, and greater job cheer than this research indicates.Those who graduate from college are much more likely to hold professional or managerial positions, for example, than those who have only a high school diploma. What makes success on the job so difficult for some people with learning disabilities? For one thing, persistent problems with reading, writing, and arithmetic can interfere with their work. Many report that they continue to struggle with decoding skills, sight vo cabulary, and reading rate. Banking tasks and money management often bring out their troubles with arithmetic.Spelling is frequently reported to be the biggest problem of all. The level of basic skills that is required in the circulating(prenominal) job market is expanding to include more abstract abilities. Employers want their workers not only to be upright in basic skills but also to be able to use these skills effectively and efficiently to solve on-the-job problems. Employers want the people they hire to be able to read for information, to analyze and synthesize the material, and nurse the material read to on-the-job situations.They further expect employees to analyze problems, formulate solutions, and communicate that process, in writing, to others. body of work mathematics, like reading and writing, also requires identification of the problem, analysis, and then the ability to find a solution. Employers further expect good interpersonal skills. The ability to use technolo gy and information systems is becoming more essential as well. To do all of these things efficiently and effectively, workers must have mastered basic skills and be able to apply thinking skills.They also need personal qualities such as individual responsibility, self-esteem, and self management. The nature of a learning disability may affect the growth of some of these competencies. For example, because of years of struggle and failure, self-esteem may be low and self-monitoring skills may not be functioning effectively. Employers often do not understand what a learning disability is, thus making it even more difficult for the adults with learning disabilities whom they supervise.Because employers cannot see the disability and may have limited knowledge about learning disabilities, they may find it difficult to understand that the problems are real. Therefore, they may fail to provide the necessary accommodations and supportive environment. They may often fail to recognize that, w ith assistance, workers who have learning disabilities may be tremendous assets to the company. A learning disability is a lifelong condition. Some adults, by the time they have completed their formal education, have learned to compensate for their difficulties.For many others, difficulties continue and to varying degrees impact on careers, social relationships, and activities of daily living. There are adults who were diagnosed as children and received services under the guidelines of PL 94-142. But more and more adults, who never knew why school was so hard, are now addressing the problem by initiating an assessment and seeking services to help them cope with their disabilities. Adults who have learning disabilities are a heterogeneous group.Some struggle with reading and writing, some with mathematical tasks, some with the basic challenges of daily life. There are adults who have learning disabilities who have trouble finding and keeping a job others are professionally successfu l yet cannot seem to develop a self-colored social life. And there are those who seem to have few problems as they successfully negotiate the range of lifes demands. Adults who have learning disabilities are not merely children with learning disabilities grown up. The impact of having a learning disability differs at each stage of development.And adulthood itself has many stages, each with its unique challenges. Satisfaction or dissatisfaction at one stage does not guarantee the same degree of adjustment at another. At one point, the adult might deal with self-identity, at another with employment and economic independence, and still another with personal responsibility and relationships. As a group, adults who have learning disabilities represent a broad spectrum of the population. We see individuals of different ages, from different socioeconomic, ethnic, and cultural groups.We see different clusters of social and learning problems that affect education, social, personal, and occup ational adjustments. The field now recognizes the unique needs of the adult who has learning disabilities, and as such has responded by providing legal protection, programs, services, and an ever-developing information base. Where do we stand today?References Erikson, E. H. 1968. Identity Youth and crisis. New York Norton. Hallahan, D. P. , Lloyd, J. W. , Kauffman, J. M. , Weiss, M. P. , Martinez, E. A. (2005). Learning disabilities Foundations, characteristics, and effective teaching (3rd ed.). Toronto Pearson Education, Inc. Johnson, D. J. , Blalock, J. W. (1987). Adults with learning disabilities Clinical studies. Orlando Grune Stratton. Jordan, D. R. (1996). Teaching adults with learning disabilities. The professional practices in adult education and human resource development series. Malabar, Fla Krieger Pub. Shapiro, J. , Rich, R. (1999). Facing learning disabilities in the adult years. New York Oxford University Press. Wong, B. Y. L. (1998). Learning about learning disabi lities. San Diego Academic Press.